Re-examination of the relationship between marine virus and microbial cell abundances

Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 10 8 per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically tenfold higher than microbial cell abundances. Howev...

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Vydáno v:	Nature microbiology Ročník 1; číslo 3; s. 15024
Hlavní autoři:	Wigington, Charles H., Sonderegger, Derek, Brussaard, Corina P. D., Buchan, Alison, Finke, Jan F., Fuhrman, Jed A., Lennon, Jay T., Middelboe, Mathias, Suttle, Curtis A., Stock, Charles, Wilson, William H., Wommack, K. Eric, Wilhelm, Steven W., Weitz, Joshua S.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.01.2016 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	631/114/2397 631/326/1321 631/326/171 631/326/171/1878 Aquatic Organisms - growth & development Cell density Infectious Diseases Life Sciences Medical Microbiology Microbiology Oceans Oceans and Seas Parasitology Population Density Scaling Seawater - microbiology Seawater - virology Spatio-Temporal Analysis Virology Viruses Viruses - growth & development
ISSN:	2058-5276, 2058-5276
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Abstract	Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 10 8 per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically tenfold higher than microbial cell abundances. However, the true explanatory power of a linear relationship and its robustness across diverse ocean environments is unclear. Here, we compile 5,508 microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 22 distinct marine surveys and find substantial variation in the virus-to-microbial cell ratio, in which a 10:1 model has either limited or no explanatory power. Instead, virus abundances are better described as nonlinear, power-law functions of microbial cell abundances. The fitted scaling exponents are typically less than 1, implying that the virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, rather than remaining fixed. The observed scaling also implies that viral effect sizes derived from ‘representative’ abundances require substantial refinement to be extrapolated to regional or global scales. Analysis of microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys reveals that virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, questioning the idea that viral abundance is always 10-fold higher.
AbstractList	Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 108 per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically tenfold higher than microbial cell abundances. However, the true explanatory power of a linear relationship and its robustness across diverse ocean environments is unclear. Here, we compile 5,671 microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys and find substantial variation in the virus-to-microbial cell ratio, in which a 10:1 model has either limited or no explanatory power. Instead, virus abundances are better described as nonlinear, power-law functions of microbial cell abundances. The fitted scaling exponents are typically less than 1, implying that the virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, rather than remaining fixed. The observed scaling also implies that viral effect sizes derived from 'representative' abundances require substantial refinement to be extrapolated to regional or global scales. Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 10 8 per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically tenfold higher than microbial cell abundances. However, the true explanatory power of a linear relationship and its robustness across diverse ocean environments is unclear. Here, we compile 5,508 microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 22 distinct marine surveys and find substantial variation in the virus-to-microbial cell ratio, in which a 10:1 model has either limited or no explanatory power. Instead, virus abundances are better described as nonlinear, power-law functions of microbial cell abundances. The fitted scaling exponents are typically less than 1, implying that the virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, rather than remaining fixed. The observed scaling also implies that viral effect sizes derived from ‘representative’ abundances require substantial refinement to be extrapolated to regional or global scales. Analysis of microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys reveals that virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, questioning the idea that viral abundance is always 10-fold higher. Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 10(8) per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically tenfold higher than microbial cell abundances. However, the true explanatory power of a linear relationship and its robustness across diverse ocean environments is unclear. Here, we compile 5,671 microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys and find substantial variation in the virus-to-microbial cell ratio, in which a 10:1 model has either limited or no explanatory power. Instead, virus abundances are better described as nonlinear, power-law functions of microbial cell abundances. The fitted scaling exponents are typically less than 1, implying that the virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, rather than remaining fixed. The observed scaling also implies that viral effect sizes derived from 'representative' abundances require substantial refinement to be extrapolated to regional or global scales. Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 10(8) per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically tenfold higher than microbial cell abundances. However, the true explanatory power of a linear relationship and its robustness across diverse ocean environments is unclear. Here, we compile 5,671 microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys and find substantial variation in the virus-to-microbial cell ratio, in which a 10:1 model has either limited or no explanatory power. Instead, virus abundances are better described as nonlinear, power-law functions of microbial cell abundances. The fitted scaling exponents are typically less than 1, implying that the virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, rather than remaining fixed. The observed scaling also implies that viral effect sizes derived from 'representative' abundances require substantial refinement to be extrapolated to regional or global scales.Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 10(8) per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically tenfold higher than microbial cell abundances. However, the true explanatory power of a linear relationship and its robustness across diverse ocean environments is unclear. Here, we compile 5,671 microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys and find substantial variation in the virus-to-microbial cell ratio, in which a 10:1 model has either limited or no explanatory power. Instead, virus abundances are better described as nonlinear, power-law functions of microbial cell abundances. The fitted scaling exponents are typically less than 1, implying that the virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, rather than remaining fixed. The observed scaling also implies that viral effect sizes derived from 'representative' abundances require substantial refinement to be extrapolated to regional or global scales.
ArticleNumber	15024
Author	Wigington, Charles H. Brussaard, Corina P. D. Middelboe, Mathias Wilson, William H. Stock, Charles Sonderegger, Derek Suttle, Curtis A. Weitz, Joshua S. Wilhelm, Steven W. Fuhrman, Jed A. Lennon, Jay T. Finke, Jan F. Buchan, Alison Wommack, K. Eric
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Charles H. surname: Wigington fullname: Wigington, Charles H. organization: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Derek surname: Sonderegger fullname: Sonderegger, Derek organization: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University – sequence: 3 givenname: Corina P. D. surname: Brussaard fullname: Brussaard, Corina P. D. organization: Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE, Amsterdam – sequence: 4 givenname: Alison surname: Buchan fullname: Buchan, Alison organization: Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee – sequence: 5 givenname: Jan F. surname: Finke fullname: Finke, Jan F. organization: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia – sequence: 6 givenname: Jed A. orcidid: 0000-0002-2361-1985 surname: Fuhrman fullname: Fuhrman, Jed A. organization: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California – sequence: 7 givenname: Jay T. surname: Lennon fullname: Lennon, Jay T. organization: Department of Biology, Indiana University – sequence: 8 givenname: Mathias surname: Middelboe fullname: Middelboe, Mathias organization: Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, DK-3000, Helsingør – sequence: 9 givenname: Curtis A. orcidid: 0000-0002-0372-0033 surname: Suttle fullname: Suttle, Curtis A. organization: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Program in Integrated Microbial Diversity, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research – sequence: 10 givenname: Charles surname: Stock fullname: Stock, Charles organization: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory – sequence: 11 givenname: William H. surname: Wilson fullname: Wilson, William H. organization: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory – sequence: 12 givenname: K. Eric surname: Wommack fullname: Wommack, K. Eric organization: Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Delaware Technology Park – sequence: 13 givenname: Steven W. surname: Wilhelm fullname: Wilhelm, Steven W. email: wilhelm@utk.edu organization: Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee – sequence: 14 givenname: Joshua S. orcidid: 0000-0002-3433-8312 surname: Weitz fullname: Weitz, Joshua S. email: jsweitz@gatech.edu organization: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27572161$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding...
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SubjectTerms	631/114/2397 631/326/1321 631/326/171 631/326/171/1878 Aquatic Organisms - growth & development Cell density Infectious Diseases Life Sciences Medical Microbiology Microbiology Oceans Oceans and Seas Parasitology Population Density Scaling Seawater - microbiology Seawater - virology Spatio-Temporal Analysis Virology Viruses Viruses - growth & development
Title	Re-examination of the relationship between marine virus and microbial cell abundances
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