The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Digital Health–Seeking Behavior: Big Data Interrupted Time-Series Analysis of Google Trends

Due to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains unclear whether this introduction was sustained in the long term, especially with patients being able to decide between digital and traditional health servi...

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Vydáno v:Journal of medical Internet research Ročník 25; číslo 1; s. e42401
Hlavní autoři: van Kessel, Robin, Kyriopoulos, Ilias, Wong, Brian Li Han, Mossialos, Elias
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Canada Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor 16.01.2023
JMIR Publications
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ISSN:1438-8871, 1439-4456, 1438-8871
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Abstract Due to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains unclear whether this introduction was sustained in the long term, especially with patients being able to decide between digital and traditional health services once the latter regained their functionality throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to understand how the public interest in digital health changed as proxy for digital health-seeking behavior and to what extent this change was sustainable over time. We used an interrupted time-series analysis of Google Trends data with break points on March 11, 2020 (declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization), and December 20, 2020 (the announcement of the first COVID-19 vaccines). Nationally representative time-series data from February 2019 to August 2021 were extracted from Google Trends for 6 countries with English as their dominant language: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland. We measured the changes in relative search volumes of the keywords online doctor, telehealth, online health, telemedicine, and health app. In doing so, we capture the prepandemic trend, the immediate change due to the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic, and the gradual change after the announcement. Digital health search volumes immediately increased in all countries under study after the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic. There was some variation in what keywords were used per country. However, searches declined after this immediate spike, sometimes reverting to prepandemic levels. The announcement of COVID-19 vaccines did not consistently impact digital health search volumes in the countries under study. The exception is the search volume of health app, which was observed as either being stable or gradually increasing during the pandemic. Our findings suggest that the increased public interest in digital health associated with the pandemic did not sustain, alluding to remaining structural barriers. Further building of digital health capacity and developing robust digital health governance frameworks remain crucial to facilitating sustainable digital health transformation.
AbstractList Due to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains unclear whether this introduction was sustained in the long term, especially with patients being able to decide between digital and traditional health services once the latter regained their functionality throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.BACKGROUNDDue to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains unclear whether this introduction was sustained in the long term, especially with patients being able to decide between digital and traditional health services once the latter regained their functionality throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.We aim to understand how the public interest in digital health changed as proxy for digital health-seeking behavior and to what extent this change was sustainable over time.OBJECTIVEWe aim to understand how the public interest in digital health changed as proxy for digital health-seeking behavior and to what extent this change was sustainable over time.We used an interrupted time-series analysis of Google Trends data with break points on March 11, 2020 (declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization), and December 20, 2020 (the announcement of the first COVID-19 vaccines). Nationally representative time-series data from February 2019 to August 2021 were extracted from Google Trends for 6 countries with English as their dominant language: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland. We measured the changes in relative search volumes of the keywords online doctor, telehealth, online health, telemedicine, and health app. In doing so, we capture the prepandemic trend, the immediate change due to the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic, and the gradual change after the announcement.METHODSWe used an interrupted time-series analysis of Google Trends data with break points on March 11, 2020 (declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization), and December 20, 2020 (the announcement of the first COVID-19 vaccines). Nationally representative time-series data from February 2019 to August 2021 were extracted from Google Trends for 6 countries with English as their dominant language: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland. We measured the changes in relative search volumes of the keywords online doctor, telehealth, online health, telemedicine, and health app. In doing so, we capture the prepandemic trend, the immediate change due to the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic, and the gradual change after the announcement.Digital health search volumes immediately increased in all countries under study after the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic. There was some variation in what keywords were used per country. However, searches declined after this immediate spike, sometimes reverting to prepandemic levels. The announcement of COVID-19 vaccines did not consistently impact digital health search volumes in the countries under study. The exception is the search volume of health app, which was observed as either being stable or gradually increasing during the pandemic.RESULTSDigital health search volumes immediately increased in all countries under study after the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic. There was some variation in what keywords were used per country. However, searches declined after this immediate spike, sometimes reverting to prepandemic levels. The announcement of COVID-19 vaccines did not consistently impact digital health search volumes in the countries under study. The exception is the search volume of health app, which was observed as either being stable or gradually increasing during the pandemic.Our findings suggest that the increased public interest in digital health associated with the pandemic did not sustain, alluding to remaining structural barriers. Further building of digital health capacity and developing robust digital health governance frameworks remain crucial to facilitating sustainable digital health transformation.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that the increased public interest in digital health associated with the pandemic did not sustain, alluding to remaining structural barriers. Further building of digital health capacity and developing robust digital health governance frameworks remain crucial to facilitating sustainable digital health transformation.
Background: Due to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains unclear whether this introduction was sustained in the long term, especially with patients being able to decide between digital and traditional health services once the latter regained their functionality throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: We aim to understand how the public interest in digital health changed as proxy for digital health–seeking behavior and to what extent this change was sustainable over time. Methods: We used an interrupted time-series analysis of Google Trends data with break points on March 11, 2020 (declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization), and December 20, 2020 (the announcement of the first COVID-19 vaccines). Nationally representative time-series data from February 2019 to August 2021 were extracted from Google Trends for 6 countries with English as their dominant language: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland. We measured the changes in relative search volumes of the keywords online doctor, telehealth, online health, telemedicine, and health app. In doing so, we capture the prepandemic trend, the immediate change due to the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic, and the gradual change after the announcement. Results: Digital health search volumes immediately increased in all countries under study after the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic. There was some variation in what keywords were used per country. However, searches declined after this immediate spike, sometimes reverting to prepandemic levels. The announcement of COVID-19 vaccines did not consistently impact digital health search volumes in the countries under study. The exception is the search volume of health app, which was observed as either being stable or gradually increasing during the pandemic. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the increased public interest in digital health associated with the pandemic did not sustain, alluding to remaining structural barriers. Further building of digital health capacity and developing robust digital health governance frameworks remain crucial to facilitating sustainable digital health transformation.
BackgroundDue to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains unclear whether this introduction was sustained in the long term, especially with patients being able to decide between digital and traditional health services once the latter regained their functionality throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. ObjectiveWe aim to understand how the public interest in digital health changed as proxy for digital health–seeking behavior and to what extent this change was sustainable over time. MethodsWe used an interrupted time-series analysis of Google Trends data with break points on March 11, 2020 (declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization), and December 20, 2020 (the announcement of the first COVID-19 vaccines). Nationally representative time-series data from February 2019 to August 2021 were extracted from Google Trends for 6 countries with English as their dominant language: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland. We measured the changes in relative search volumes of the keywords online doctor, telehealth, online health, telemedicine, and health app. In doing so, we capture the prepandemic trend, the immediate change due to the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic, and the gradual change after the announcement. ResultsDigital health search volumes immediately increased in all countries under study after the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic. There was some variation in what keywords were used per country. However, searches declined after this immediate spike, sometimes reverting to prepandemic levels. The announcement of COVID-19 vaccines did not consistently impact digital health search volumes in the countries under study. The exception is the search volume of health app, which was observed as either being stable or gradually increasing during the pandemic. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the increased public interest in digital health associated with the pandemic did not sustain, alluding to remaining structural barriers. Further building of digital health capacity and developing robust digital health governance frameworks remain crucial to facilitating sustainable digital health transformation.
Due to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains unclear whether this introduction was sustained in the long term, especially with patients being able to decide between digital and traditional health services once the latter regained their functionality throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to understand how the public interest in digital health changed as proxy for digital health-seeking behavior and to what extent this change was sustainable over time. We used an interrupted time-series analysis of Google Trends data with break points on March 11, 2020 (declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization), and December 20, 2020 (the announcement of the first COVID-19 vaccines). Nationally representative time-series data from February 2019 to August 2021 were extracted from Google Trends for 6 countries with English as their dominant language: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland. We measured the changes in relative search volumes of the keywords online doctor, telehealth, online health, telemedicine, and health app. In doing so, we capture the prepandemic trend, the immediate change due to the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic, and the gradual change after the announcement. Digital health search volumes immediately increased in all countries under study after the announcement of COVID-19 being a pandemic. There was some variation in what keywords were used per country. However, searches declined after this immediate spike, sometimes reverting to prepandemic levels. The announcement of COVID-19 vaccines did not consistently impact digital health search volumes in the countries under study. The exception is the search volume of health app, which was observed as either being stable or gradually increasing during the pandemic. Our findings suggest that the increased public interest in digital health associated with the pandemic did not sustain, alluding to remaining structural barriers. Further building of digital health capacity and developing robust digital health governance frameworks remain crucial to facilitating sustainable digital health transformation.
Author van Kessel, Robin
Wong, Brian Li Han
Mossialos, Elias
Kyriopoulos, Ilias
AuthorAffiliation 1 LSE Health Department of Health Policy London School of Economics and Political Science London United Kingdom
2 Department of International Health Care and Public Health Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
4 Institute of Global Health Innovation Imperial College London London United Kingdom
3 Steering Committee Digital Health Section European Public Health Association Utrecht Netherlands
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of International Health Care and Public Health Research Institute Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
– name: 3 Steering Committee Digital Health Section European Public Health Association Utrecht Netherlands
– name: 4 Institute of Global Health Innovation Imperial College London London United Kingdom
– name: 1 LSE Health Department of Health Policy London School of Economics and Political Science London United Kingdom
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Robin
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6309-6343
  surname: van Kessel
  fullname: van Kessel, Robin
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-3932-8228
  surname: Kyriopoulos
  fullname: Kyriopoulos, Ilias
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  givenname: Brian Li Han
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8709-5847
  surname: Wong
  fullname: Wong, Brian Li Han
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  givenname: Elias
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8664-9297
  surname: Mossialos
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36603152$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Robin van Kessel, Ilias Kyriopoulos, Brian Li Han Wong, Elias Mossialos. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 16.01.2023.
2023. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Robin van Kessel, Ilias Kyriopoulos, Brian Li Han Wong, Elias Mossialos. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 16.01.2023. 2023
Copyright_xml – notice: Robin van Kessel, Ilias Kyriopoulos, Brian Li Han Wong, Elias Mossialos. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 16.01.2023.
– notice: 2023. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: Robin van Kessel, Ilias Kyriopoulos, Brian Li Han Wong, Elias Mossialos. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 16.01.2023. 2023
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Issue 1
Keywords COVID-19
Google Trends
digital health
data
telehealth
real-world data
big data
healthcare seeking behaviour
pandemic
Language English
License Robin van Kessel, Ilias Kyriopoulos, Brian Li Han Wong, Elias Mossialos. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 16.01.2023.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
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PublicationDate 2023-01-16
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  text: 2023-01-16
  day: 16
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PublicationTitle Journal of medical Internet research
PublicationTitleAlternate J Med Internet Res
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Publisher Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor
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Snippet Due to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains unclear whether...
Background: Due to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains...
Background:Due to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains...
BackgroundDue to the emergency responses early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital health in health care increased abruptly. However, it remains...
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SubjectTerms Announcements
Big Data
Capacity building approach
Changes
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
English language
Governance
Health behavior
Health services
Health services utilization
Help seeking behavior
Humans
Immunization
Internet access
Keywords
Language dominance
Medical personnel
Medical technology
Original Paper
Pandemics
Pandemics - prevention & control
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Patients
Public health
Public interest
Search Engine
Search engines
Sustainability
Telecommunications
Telemedicine
Time
Time series
Transformation
Trends
United States
Vaccines
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Title The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Digital Health–Seeking Behavior: Big Data Interrupted Time-Series Analysis of Google Trends
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