Nitric Oxide: Physiological Functions, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that has a central role in signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g., vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor growth). Due to its gaseous form, NO has a short half‐life, and its physiology role is concent...

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Published in:Advanced science Vol. 10; no. 30; pp. e2303259 - n/a
Main Authors: Andrabi, Syed Muntazir, Sharma, Navatha Shree, Karan, Anik, Shahriar, S. M. Shatil, Cordon, Brent, Ma, Bing, Xie, Jingwei
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Germany John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.10.2023
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
Subjects:
Biocompatible Materials - chemistry
biomedical applications
Cardiomyocytes
Cytotoxicity
delivery
DNA methylation
donors
Enzymes
Gases
Humans
Kinases
Ligands
Neoplasms
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Nitric Oxide Donors - chemistry
Nitric Oxide Donors - therapeutic use
Nitrogen dioxide
Phosphorylation
physiological functions
Physiology
Proteins
Review
Reviews
Roles
Signal Transduction
delivery
donors
physiological functions
nitric oxide
biomedical applications
ISSN:2198-3844, 2198-3844
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that has a central role in signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g., vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor growth). Due to its gaseous form, NO has a short half‐life, and its physiology role is concentration dependent, often restricting its function to a target site. Providing NO from an external source is beneficial in promoting cellular functions and treatment of different pathological conditions. Hence, the multifaceted role of NO in physiology and pathology has garnered massive interest in developing strategies to deliver exogenous NO for the treatment of various regenerative and biomedical complexities. NO‐releasing platforms or donors capable of delivering NO in a controlled and sustained manner to target tissues or organs have advanced in the past few decades. This review article discusses in detail the generation of NO via the enzymatic functions of NO synthase as well as from NO donors and the multiple biological and pathological processes that NO modulates. The methods for incorporating of NO donors into diverse biomaterials including physical, chemical, or supramolecular techniques are summarized. Then, these NO‐releasing platforms are highlighted in terms of advancing treatment strategies for various medical problems.
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ISSN:2198-3844
2198-3844
DOI:10.1002/advs.202303259