pocl: A Performance-Portable OpenCL Implementation
OpenCL is a standard for parallel programming of heterogeneous systems. The benefits of a common programming standard are clear; multiple vendors can provide support for application descriptions written according to the standard, thus reducing the program porting effort. While the standard brings th...
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| Published in: | International journal of parallel programming Vol. 43; no. 5; pp. 752 - 785 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
Springer US
01.10.2015
Springer Nature B.V |
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| ISSN: | 0885-7458, 1573-7640 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | OpenCL is a standard for parallel programming of heterogeneous systems. The benefits of a common programming standard are clear; multiple vendors can provide support for application descriptions written according to the standard, thus reducing the program porting effort. While the standard brings the obvious benefits of platform portability, the performance portability aspects are largely left to the programmer. The situation is made worse due to multiple proprietary vendor implementations with different characteristics, and, thus, required optimization strategies. In this paper, we propose an OpenCL implementation that is both portable and performance portable. At its core is a kernel compiler that can be used to exploit the data parallelism of OpenCL programs on multiple platforms with different parallel hardware styles. The kernel compiler is modularized to perform target-independent parallel region formation separately from the target-specific parallel mapping of the regions to enable support for various styles of fine-grained parallel resources such as subword SIMD extensions, SIMD datapaths and static multi-issue. Unlike previous similar techniques that work on the source level, the parallel region formation retains the information of the data parallelism using the LLVM IR and its metadata infrastructure. This data can be exploited by the later generic compiler passes for efficient parallelization. The proposed open source implementation of OpenCL is also platform portable, enabling OpenCL on a wide range of architectures, both already commercialized and on those that are still under research. The paper describes how the portability of the implementation is achieved. We test the two aspects to portability by utilizing the kernel compiler and the OpenCL implementation to run OpenCL applications in various platforms with different style of parallel resources. The results show that most of the benchmarked applications when compiled using pocl were faster or close to as fast as the best proprietary OpenCL implementation for the platform at hand. |
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| AbstractList | OpenCL is a standard for parallel programming of heterogeneous systems. The benefits of a common programming standard are clear; multiple vendors can provide support for application descriptions written according to the standard, thus reducing the program porting effort. While the standard brings the obvious benefits of platform portability, the performance portability aspects are largely left to the programmer. The situation is made worse due to multiple proprietary vendor implementations with different characteristics, and, thus, required optimization strategies. In this paper, we propose an OpenCL implementation that is both portable and performance portable. At its core is a kernel compiler that can be used to exploit the data parallelism of OpenCL programs on multiple platforms with different parallel hardware styles. The kernel compiler is modularized to perform target-independent parallel region formation separately from the target-specific parallel mapping of the regions to enable support for various styles of fine-grained parallel resources such as subword SIMD extensions, SIMD datapaths and static multi-issue. Unlike previous similar techniques that work on the source level, the parallel region formation retains the information of the data parallelism using the LLVM IR and its metadata infrastructure. This data can be exploited by the later generic compiler passes for efficient parallelization. The proposed open source implementation of OpenCL is also platform portable, enabling OpenCL on a wide range of architectures, both already commercialized and on those that are still under research. The paper describes how the portability of the implementation is achieved. We test the two aspects to portability by utilizing the kernel compiler and the OpenCL implementation to run OpenCL applications in various platforms with different style of parallel resources. The results show that most of the benchmarked applications when compiled using pocl were faster or close to as fast as the best proprietary OpenCL implementation for the platform at hand. Issue Title: Includes a Special Section on High-level Heterogeneous and Hierarchical Parallel Systems OpenCL is a standard for parallel programming of heterogeneous systems. The benefits of a common programming standard are clear; multiple vendors can provide support for application descriptions written according to the standard, thus reducing the program porting effort. While the standard brings the obvious benefits of platform portability, the performance portability aspects are largely left to the programmer. The situation is made worse due to multiple proprietary vendor implementations with different characteristics, and, thus, required optimization strategies. In this paper, we propose an OpenCL implementation that is both portable and performance portable. At its core is a kernel compiler that can be used to exploit the data parallelism of OpenCL programs on multiple platforms with different parallel hardware styles. The kernel compiler is modularized to perform target-independent parallel region formation separately from the target-specific parallel mapping of the regions to enable support for various styles of fine-grained parallel resources such as subword SIMD extensions, SIMD datapaths and static multi-issue. Unlike previous similar techniques that work on the source level, the parallel region formation retains the information of the data parallelism using the LLVM IR and its metadata infrastructure. This data can be exploited by the later generic compiler passes for efficient parallelization. The proposed open source implementation of OpenCL is also platform portable, enabling OpenCL on a wide range of architectures, both already commercialized and on those that are still under research. The paper describes how the portability of the implementation is achieved. We test the two aspects to portability by utilizing the kernel compiler and the OpenCL implementation to run OpenCL applications in various platforms with different style of parallel resources. The results show that most of the benchmarked applications when compiled using pocl were faster or close to as fast as the best proprietary OpenCL implementation for the platform at hand. |
| Author | Raiskila, Kalle de La Lama, Carlos Sánchez Jääskeläinen, Pekka Berg, Heikki Schnetter, Erik Takala, Jarmo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Pekka surname: Jääskeläinen fullname: Jääskeläinen, Pekka email: pekka.jaaskelainen@tut.fi organization: Tampere University of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Carlos Sánchez surname: de La Lama fullname: de La Lama, Carlos Sánchez organization: Knowledge Development for POF – sequence: 3 givenname: Erik surname: Schnetter fullname: Schnetter, Erik organization: Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University – sequence: 4 givenname: Kalle surname: Raiskila fullname: Raiskila, Kalle organization: Nokia Research Center – sequence: 5 givenname: Jarmo surname: Takala fullname: Takala, Jarmo organization: Tampere University of Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Heikki surname: Berg fullname: Berg, Heikki organization: Nokia Research Center |
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