Recharge Oscillator Mechanisms in Two Types of ENSO

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different “types” or “flavors” in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type ENSO with major sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) positioned over the eastern Pacific. The other is a warm-pool-type ENSO with SSTA c...

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Vydané v:Journal of climate Ročník 26; číslo 17; s. 6506 - 6523
Hlavní autori: Ren, Hong-Li, Jin, Fei-Fei
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Boston, MA American Meteorological Society 01.09.2013
Predmet:
Anomalies
Climate change
Climate models
Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change
Data assimilation
Data lines
Datasets
Earth, ocean, space
Easterlies
El Nino
El Nino phenomena
El Nino-Southern Oscillation event
Enthalpy
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Feedback
Frequencies
General circulation models
Global warming
Grants
Heat
Heat budget
Heat content
Interannual variability
Life cycles
Marine
Mechanical oscillators
Meteorology
Ocean currents
Oceanic analysis
Oceans
Oscillators
Phase transformations
Phase transitions
Physics of the oceans
Pools
Positive feedback
Recharge
Sea surface
Sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature anomalies
Sea-air exchange processes
Southern Oscillation
Surface temperature
Temperature anomalies
Thermocline
Thermoclines
East Pacific
Pacific Ocean
Central Pacific
I, Central Pacific
feedback
El Niño Southern Oscillation
El Nino
heat balance
climate variability
ocean-atmosphere interaction
El Niño Modoki
Interannual variation
ISSN:0894-8755, 1520-0442
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Shrnutí:The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different “types” or “flavors” in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type ENSO with major sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) positioned over the eastern Pacific. The other is a warm-pool-type ENSO with SSTA centered in the central Pacific near the edge of the warm pool. In this study, the basic features and main feedback processes of these two types of ENSO are examined. It is shown that the interannual variability of upper-ocean heat content exhibits recharge–discharge processes throughout the life cycles of both the cold tongue (CT) and warm pool (WP) ENSO types. Through a heat budget analysis with focus on the interannual frequency band, the authors further demonstrate that the thermocline feedback plays a dominant role in contributing to the growth and phase transitions of both ENSO types, whereas the zonal advective feedback contributes mainly to their phase transitions. The westward shift of the SSTA center of the WP ENSO and the presence of significant surface easterly wind anomalies over the far eastern equatorial Pacific during its mature warm phase are the two main factors that lead to a reduced positive feedback for the eastern Pacific SSTA. Nevertheless, both the WP and CT ENSO can be understood to a large extent by the recharge oscillator mechanism.
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ISSN:0894-8755
1520-0442
DOI:10.1175/jcli-d-12-00601.1