Recharge Oscillator Mechanisms in Two Types of ENSO
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different “types” or “flavors” in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type ENSO with major sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) positioned over the eastern Pacific. The other is a warm-pool-type ENSO with SSTA c...
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| Published in: | Journal of climate Vol. 26; no. 17; pp. 6506 - 6523 |
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| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Boston, MA
American Meteorological Society
01.09.2013
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| ISSN: | 0894-8755, 1520-0442 |
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| Abstract | The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different “types” or “flavors” in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type ENSO with major sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) positioned over the eastern Pacific. The other is a warm-pool-type ENSO with SSTA centered in the central Pacific near the edge of the warm pool. In this study, the basic features and main feedback processes of these two types of ENSO are examined. It is shown that the interannual variability of upper-ocean heat content exhibits recharge–discharge processes throughout the life cycles of both the cold tongue (CT) and warm pool (WP) ENSO types. Through a heat budget analysis with focus on the interannual frequency band, the authors further demonstrate that the thermocline feedback plays a dominant role in contributing to the growth and phase transitions of both ENSO types, whereas the zonal advective feedback contributes mainly to their phase transitions. The westward shift of the SSTA center of the WP ENSO and the presence of significant surface easterly wind anomalies over the far eastern equatorial Pacific during its mature warm phase are the two main factors that lead to a reduced positive feedback for the eastern Pacific SSTA. Nevertheless, both the WP and CT ENSO can be understood to a large extent by the recharge oscillator mechanism. |
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| AbstractList | The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different ''types'' or ''flavors'' in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type ENSO with major sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) positioned over the eastern Pacific. The other is a warm-pool-type ENSO with SSTA centered in the central Pacific near the edge of the warm pool. In this study, the basic features and main feedback processes of these two types of ENSO are examined. It is shown that the interannual variability of upper-ocean heat content exhibits recharge-discharge processes throughout the life cycles of both the cold tongue (CT) and warm pool (WP) ENSO types. Through a heat budget analysis with focus on the interannual frequency band, the authors further demonstrate that the thermocline feedback plays a dominant role in contributing to the growth and phase transitions of both ENSO types, whereas the zonal advective feedback contributes mainly to their phase transitions. The westward shiftof the SSTA center of the WP ENSO and the presence of significant surface easterly wind anomalies over the far eastern equatorial Pacific during its mature warm phase are the two main factors that lead to a reduced positive feedback for the eastern Pacific SSTA. Nevertheless, both the WP and CT ENSO can be understood to a large extent by the recharge oscillator mechanism. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different “types” or “flavors” in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type ENSO with major sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) positioned over the eastern Pacific. The other is a warm-pool-type ENSO with SSTA centered in the central Pacific near the edge of the warm pool. In this study, the basic features and main feedback processes of these two types of ENSO are examined. It is shown that the interannual variability of upper-ocean heat content exhibits recharge–discharge processes throughout the life cycles of both the cold tongue (CT) and warm pool (WP) ENSO types. Through a heat budget analysis with focus on the interannual frequency band, the authors further demonstrate that the thermocline feedback plays a dominant role in contributing to the growth and phase transitions of both ENSO types, whereas the zonal advective feedback contributes mainly to their phase transitions. The westward shift of the SSTA center of the WP ENSO and the presence of significant surface easterly wind anomalies over the far eastern equatorial Pacific during its mature warm phase are the two main factors that lead to a reduced positive feedback for the eastern Pacific SSTA. Nevertheless, both the WP and CT ENSO can be understood to a large extent by the recharge oscillator mechanism. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different "types" or "flavors" in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type ENSO with major sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) positioned over the eastern Pacific. The other is a warm-pool-type ENSO with SSTA centered in the central Pacific near the edge of the warm pool. In this study, the basic features and main feedback processes of these two types of ENSO are examined. It is shown that the interannual variability of upper-ocean heat content exhibits recharge-discharge processes throughout the life cycles of both the cold tongue (CT) and warm pool (WP) ENSO types. Through a heat budget analysis with focus on the interannual frequency band, the authors further demonstrate that the thermocline feedback plays a dominant role in contributing to the growth and phase transitions of both ENSO types, whereas the zonal advective feedback contributes mainly to their phase transitions. The westward shift of the SSTA center of the WP ENSO and the presence of significant surface easterly wind anomalies over the far eastern equatorial Pacific during its mature warm phase are the two main factors that lead to a reduced positive feedback for the eastern Pacific SSTA. Nevertheless, both the WP and CT ENSO can be understood to a large extent by the recharge oscillator mechanism. |
| Author | Jin, Fei-Fei Ren, Hong-Li |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hong-Li surname: Ren fullname: Ren, Hong-Li organization: Department of Meteorology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, and Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Fei-Fei surname: Jin fullname: Jin, Fei-Fei organization: Department of Meteorology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii |
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| Snippet | The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different “types” or “flavors” in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type... The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different ''types'' or ''flavors'' in recent decades. One is the canonical... The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) tends to behave arguably as two different "types" or "flavors" in recent decades. One is the canonical cold-tongue-type... |
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| SubjectTerms | Anomalies Climate change Climate models Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change Data assimilation Data lines Datasets Earth, ocean, space Easterlies El Nino El Nino phenomena El Nino-Southern Oscillation event Enthalpy Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Feedback Frequencies General circulation models Global warming Grants Heat Heat budget Heat content Interannual variability Life cycles Marine Mechanical oscillators Meteorology Ocean currents Oceanic analysis Oceans Oscillators Phase transformations Phase transitions Physics of the oceans Pools Positive feedback Recharge Sea surface Sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature anomalies Sea-air exchange processes Southern Oscillation Surface temperature Temperature anomalies Thermocline Thermoclines |
| Title | Recharge Oscillator Mechanisms in Two Types of ENSO |
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