The challenge of estimating the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions – Toward an integrated economic and epidemiological approach

Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden and additional mortality due to the pandemic. Both pandemics and non-pharmaceutical interventions to fight pandemics, however, produce economic, social, and medical costs. The cost...

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Vydáno v:Economics and human biology Ročník 49; s. 101198
Hlavní autoři: Dorn, Florian, Lange, Berit, Braml, Martin, Gstrein, David, Nyirenda, John L.Z., Vanella, Patrizio, Winter, Joachim, Fuest, Clemens, Krause, Gérard
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.04.2023
Témata:
Cost of Illness
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Disease burden
Economic decline
Health outcomes
Healthcare access
Humans
Integrated approach
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
Pandemics
Public Health
SARS-CoV-2
Social distancing
COVID-19
Health outcomes
Healthcare access
Integrated approach
Pandemics
Social distancing
Economic decline
Disease burden
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
ISSN:1570-677X, 1873-6130, 1873-6130
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Abstract Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden and additional mortality due to the pandemic. Both pandemics and non-pharmaceutical interventions to fight pandemics, however, produce economic, social, and medical costs. The costs are, for example, caused by changes in access to healthcare, social distancing, and restrictions on economic activity. These factors indirectly influence health outcomes in the short- and long-term perspective. In a narrative review based on targeted literature searches, we develop a comprehensive perspective on the concepts available as well as the challenges of estimating the overall disease burden and the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions from both epidemiological and economic perspectives, particularly during the early part of a pandemic. We review the literature and discuss relevant components that need to be included when estimating the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review presents data sources and different forms of death counts, and discusses empirical findings on direct and indirect effects of the pandemic and interventions on disease burden as well as the distribution of health risks. •Review on concepts and challenges of estimating the overall disease burden and the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions.•Interdisciplinary and integrated approach from epidemiological and economic perspectives, particularly during the early part of a pandemic.•Discussion of empirical findings and components that need to be included when estimating direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.•Discussion of the main parameters that need to be considered to understand direct disease burden caused by COVID-19.•Review on indirect disease burden due to changes in access to health care, due to social distancing during the pandemic, and due to economic decline.•Evidence on risks for different groups in the population and emphasizing the role of welfare institutions and development levels of countries.
AbstractList Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden and additional mortality due to the pandemic. Both pandemics and non-pharmaceutical interventions to fight pandemics, however, produce economic, social, and medical costs. The costs are, for example, caused by changes in access to healthcare, social distancing, and restrictions on economic activity. These factors indirectly influence health outcomes in the short- and long-term perspective. In a narrative review based on targeted literature searches, we develop a comprehensive perspective on the concepts available as well as the challenges of estimating the overall disease burden and the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions from both epidemiological and economic perspectives, particularly during the early part of a pandemic. We review the literature and discuss relevant components that need to be included when estimating the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review presents data sources and different forms of death counts, and discusses empirical findings on direct and indirect effects of the pandemic and interventions on disease burden as well as the distribution of health risks.
Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden and additional mortality due to the pandemic. Both pandemics and non-pharmaceutical interventions to fight pandemics, however, produce economic, social, and medical costs. The costs are, for example, caused by changes in access to healthcare, social distancing, and restrictions on economic activity. These factors indirectly influence health outcomes in the short- and long-term perspective. In a narrative review based on targeted literature searches, we develop a comprehensive perspective on the concepts available as well as the challenges of estimating the overall disease burden and the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions from both epidemiological and economic perspectives, particularly during the early part of a pandemic. We review the literature and discuss relevant components that need to be included when estimating the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review presents data sources and different forms of death counts, and discusses empirical findings on direct and indirect effects of the pandemic and interventions on disease burden as well as the distribution of health risks.Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden and additional mortality due to the pandemic. Both pandemics and non-pharmaceutical interventions to fight pandemics, however, produce economic, social, and medical costs. The costs are, for example, caused by changes in access to healthcare, social distancing, and restrictions on economic activity. These factors indirectly influence health outcomes in the short- and long-term perspective. In a narrative review based on targeted literature searches, we develop a comprehensive perspective on the concepts available as well as the challenges of estimating the overall disease burden and the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions from both epidemiological and economic perspectives, particularly during the early part of a pandemic. We review the literature and discuss relevant components that need to be included when estimating the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review presents data sources and different forms of death counts, and discusses empirical findings on direct and indirect effects of the pandemic and interventions on disease burden as well as the distribution of health risks.
Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden and additional mortality due to the pandemic. Both pandemics and non-pharmaceutical interventions to fight pandemics, however, produce economic, social, and medical costs. The costs are, for example, caused by changes in access to healthcare, social distancing, and restrictions on economic activity. These factors indirectly influence health outcomes in the short- and long-term perspective. In a narrative review based on targeted literature searches, we develop a comprehensive perspective on the concepts available as well as the challenges of estimating the overall disease burden and the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions from both epidemiological and economic perspectives, particularly during the early part of a pandemic. We review the literature and discuss relevant components that need to be included when estimating the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review presents data sources and different forms of death counts, and discusses empirical findings on direct and indirect effects of the pandemic and interventions on disease burden as well as the distribution of health risks. •Review on concepts and challenges of estimating the overall disease burden and the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions.•Interdisciplinary and integrated approach from epidemiological and economic perspectives, particularly during the early part of a pandemic.•Discussion of empirical findings and components that need to be included when estimating direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.•Discussion of the main parameters that need to be considered to understand direct disease burden caused by COVID-19.•Review on indirect disease burden due to changes in access to health care, due to social distancing during the pandemic, and due to economic decline.•Evidence on risks for different groups in the population and emphasizing the role of welfare institutions and development levels of countries.
ArticleNumber 101198
Author Braml, Martin
Winter, Joachim
Krause, Gérard
Dorn, Florian
Fuest, Clemens
Nyirenda, John L.Z.
Vanella, Patrizio
Gstrein, David
Lange, Berit
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  surname: Dorn
  fullname: Dorn, Florian
  email: Dorn@ifo.de
  organization: ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Munich, Germany
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  givenname: Berit
  surname: Lange
  fullname: Lange, Berit
  organization: Epidemiology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
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  givenname: Martin
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8876-9794
  surname: Braml
  fullname: Braml, Martin
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  givenname: David
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  surname: Gstrein
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  givenname: Patrizio
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6736-6774
  surname: Vanella
  fullname: Vanella, Patrizio
  organization: Epidemiology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Joachim
  surname: Winter
  fullname: Winter, Joachim
  organization: Department of Economics, University of Munich (LMU), Germany
– sequence: 8
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  surname: Fuest
  fullname: Fuest, Clemens
  organization: ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Munich, Germany
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Gérard
  surname: Krause
  fullname: Krause, Gérard
  organization: Epidemiology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
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Keywords COVID-19
Health outcomes
Healthcare access
Integrated approach
Pandemics
Social distancing
Economic decline
Disease burden
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
Language English
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Snippet Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden and additional mortality due to the...
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SubjectTerms Cost of Illness
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Disease burden
Economic decline
Health outcomes
Healthcare access
Humans
Integrated approach
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
Pandemics
Public Health
SARS-CoV-2
Social distancing
Title The challenge of estimating the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions – Toward an integrated economic and epidemiological approach
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101198
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36630757
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9642024
Volume 49
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