Using network science to map what Montréal bilinguals talk about across languages and communicative contexts

Recent work within the language sciences, particularly bilingualism, has sought new methods to evaluate and characterize how people differentially use language across different communicative contexts. These differences have thus far been linked to changes in cognitive control strategy, reading behav...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of neurolinguistics Jg. 56; S. 100913
Hauptverfasser:	Tiv, Mehrgol, Gullifer, Jason W., Feng, Ruo Ying, Titone, Debra
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Tokyo Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2020 Elsevier Science Ltd
Schlagworte:	Bilingual people Bilingualism Brain Brain architecture Cognition Cognitive ability Cognitive control Cognitive-behavioral factors Communication Conversation Conversational topics English language Family school relationship French language Individual differences Language Language dominance Language usage Languages Network analysis Network Science Networks Topics Canada Montreal Quebec Canada Conversational topics Bilingualism Network Science Network analysis Cognitive control Individual differences
ISSN:	0911-6044, 1873-8052
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Abstract	Recent work within the language sciences, particularly bilingualism, has sought new methods to evaluate and characterize how people differentially use language across different communicative contexts. These differences have thus far been linked to changes in cognitive control strategy, reading behavior, and brain organization. Here, we approach this issue using a novel application of Network Science to map the conversational topics that Montréal bilinguals discuss across communicative contexts (e.g., work, home, family, school, social), in their dominant vs. non-dominant language. Our results demonstrate that all communicative contexts display a unique pattern in which conversational topics are discussed, but only a few communicative contexts (work and social) display a unique pattern of how many languages are used to discuss particular topics. We also demonstrate that the dominant language has greater network size, strength, and density than the non-dominant language, suggesting that more topics are used in a wider variety of contexts in this language. Lastly, using community detection to thematically group the topics in each language, we find evidence of greater specificity in the non-dominant language than the dominant language. We contend that Network Science is a valuable tool for representing complex information, such as individual differences in bilingual language use, in a rich and granular manner, that may be used to better understand brain and behavior. [Display omitted] •Quantifying individual differences in bilingual social language use is important.•We propose a novel application of Network Science to map what bilinguals talk about.•We find that bilinguals talk about different topics in each of their daily contexts.•Bilinguals talk about more topics across more contexts in their dominant language.•There is greater topic specificity in the non-dominant language.
AbstractList	Recent work within the language sciences, particularly bilingualism, has sought new methods to evaluate and characterize how people differentially use language across different communicative contexts. These differences have thus far been linked to changes in cognitive control strategy, reading behavior, and brain organization. Here, we approach this issue using a novel application of Network Science to map the conversational topics that Montréal bilinguals discuss across communicative contexts (e.g., work, home, family, school, social), in their dominant vs. non-dominant language. Our results demonstrate that all communicative contexts display a unique pattern in which conversational topics are discussed, but only a few communicative contexts (work and social) display a unique pattern of how many languages are used to discuss particular topics. We also demonstrate that the dominant language has greater network size, strength, and density than the non-dominant language, suggesting that more topics are used in a wider variety of contexts in this language. Lastly, using community detection to thematically group the topics in each language, we find evidence of greater specificity in the non-dominant language than the dominant language. We contend that Network Science is a valuable tool for representing complex information, such as individual differences in bilingual language use, in a rich and granular manner, that may be used to better understand brain and behavior. Recent work within the language sciences, particularly bilingualism, has sought new methods to evaluate and characterize how people differentially use language across different communicative contexts. These differences have thus far been linked to changes in cognitive control strategy, reading behavior, and brain organization. Here, we approach this issue using a novel application of Network Science to map the conversational topics that Montréal bilinguals discuss across communicative contexts (e.g., work, home, family, school, social), in their dominant vs. non-dominant language. Our results demonstrate that all communicative contexts display a unique pattern in which conversational topics are discussed, but only a few communicative contexts (work and social) display a unique pattern of how many languages are used to discuss particular topics. We also demonstrate that the dominant language has greater network size, strength, and density than the non-dominant language, suggesting that more topics are used in a wider variety of contexts in this language. Lastly, using community detection to thematically group the topics in each language, we find evidence of greater specificity in the non-dominant language than the dominant language. We contend that Network Science is a valuable tool for representing complex information, such as individual differences in bilingual language use, in a rich and granular manner, that may be used to better understand brain and behavior. [Display omitted] •Quantifying individual differences in bilingual social language use is important.•We propose a novel application of Network Science to map what bilinguals talk about.•We find that bilinguals talk about different topics in each of their daily contexts.•Bilinguals talk about more topics across more contexts in their dominant language.•There is greater topic specificity in the non-dominant language. Recent work within the language sciences, particularly bilingualism, has sought new methods to evaluate and characterize how people differentially use language across different communicative contexts. These differences have thus far been linked to changes in cognitive control strategy, reading behavior, and brain organization. Here, we approach this issue using a novel application of Network Science to map the conversational topics that Montréal bilinguals discuss across communicative contexts (e.g., work, home, family, school, social), in their dominant vs. non-dominant language. Our results demonstrate that all communicative contexts display a unique pattern in which conversational topics are discussed, but only a few communicative contexts (work and social) display a unique pattern of how many languages are used to discuss particular topics. We also demonstrate that the dominant language has greater network size, strength, and density than the non-dominant language, suggesting that more topics are used in a wider variety of contexts in this language. Lastly, using community detection to thematically group the topics in each language, we find evidence of greater specificity in the non-dominant language than the dominant language. We contend that Network Science is a valuable tool for representing complex information, such as individual differences in bilingual language use, in a rich and granular manner, that may be used to better understand brain and behavior.Recent work within the language sciences, particularly bilingualism, has sought new methods to evaluate and characterize how people differentially use language across different communicative contexts. These differences have thus far been linked to changes in cognitive control strategy, reading behavior, and brain organization. Here, we approach this issue using a novel application of Network Science to map the conversational topics that Montréal bilinguals discuss across communicative contexts (e.g., work, home, family, school, social), in their dominant vs. non-dominant language. Our results demonstrate that all communicative contexts display a unique pattern in which conversational topics are discussed, but only a few communicative contexts (work and social) display a unique pattern of how many languages are used to discuss particular topics. We also demonstrate that the dominant language has greater network size, strength, and density than the non-dominant language, suggesting that more topics are used in a wider variety of contexts in this language. Lastly, using community detection to thematically group the topics in each language, we find evidence of greater specificity in the non-dominant language than the dominant language. We contend that Network Science is a valuable tool for representing complex information, such as individual differences in bilingual language use, in a rich and granular manner, that may be used to better understand brain and behavior.
ArticleNumber	100913
Author	Titone, Debra Gullifer, Jason W. Feng, Ruo Ying Tiv, Mehrgol
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Psychology, McGill University
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Ruo Feng: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing - Original draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization Jason Gullifer: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing - Original draft, Writing - Review & Editing Mehrgol Tiv: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing - Original draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization, Project administration Debra Titone: Conceptualization, Resources, Writing - Original draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition
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Snippet	Recent work within the language sciences, particularly bilingualism, has sought new methods to evaluate and characterize how people differentially use language...
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SubjectTerms	Bilingual people Bilingualism Brain Brain architecture Cognition Cognitive ability Cognitive control Cognitive-behavioral factors Communication Conversation Conversational topics English language Family school relationship French language Individual differences Language Language dominance Language usage Languages Network analysis Network Science Networks Topics
Title	Using network science to map what Montréal bilinguals talk about across languages and communicative contexts
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