Mycetoma: An update

Mycetoma is a localized chronic, suppurative, and deforming granulomatous infection seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin and bones, mainly of feet, characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or gr...

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Published in:Indian journal of dermatology Vol. 62; no. 4; pp. 332 - 340
Main Authors: Relhan, Vineet, Mahajan, Khushbu, Agarwal, Pooja, Garg, VijayKumar
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: India Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd 01.07.2017
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Subjects:
Actinomycetoma
Antibiotics
Antifungal agents
Antigens
Dermatology
eumycetoma
Fungi
Immunoglobulins
Infections
Madura foot
Neutrophils
Organisms
Pathogenesis
Review
Mexico
Sudan
Yemen
India
eumycetoma
Madura foot
Actinomycetoma
ISSN:0019-5154, 1998-3611, 1998-3611
Online Access:Get full text
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Abstract Mycetoma is a localized chronic, suppurative, and deforming granulomatous infection seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin and bones, mainly of feet, characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or granules. Etiological classification divides it into eumycetoma caused by fungus, and actinomycetoma caused by bacteria. Since the treatment of these two etiologies is entirely different, a definite diagnosis after histopathological and microbiological examination is mandatory, though difficult. Serological test exists but is not so reliable; however, molecular techniques to identify relevant antigens have shown promise. The disease is notoriously difficult to treat. Eumycetoma may be unresponsive to standard antifungal therapy. Actinomycetoma responds to antibiotic therapy, but prolonged treatment is necessary. This review focuses on the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of mycetoma.
AbstractList Mycetoma is a localized chronic, suppurative, and deforming granulomatous infection seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin and bones, mainly of feet, characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or granules. Etiological classification divides it into eumycetoma caused by fungus, and actinomycetoma caused by bacteria. Since the treatment of these two etiologies is entirely different, a definite diagnosis after histopathological and microbiological examination is mandatory, though difficult. Serological test exists but is not so reliable; however, molecular techniques to identify relevant antigens have shown promise. The disease is notoriously difficult to treat. Eumycetoma may be unresponsive to standard antifungal therapy. Actinomycetoma responds to antibiotic therapy, but prolonged treatment is necessary. This review focuses on the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of mycetoma.Mycetoma is a localized chronic, suppurative, and deforming granulomatous infection seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin and bones, mainly of feet, characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or granules. Etiological classification divides it into eumycetoma caused by fungus, and actinomycetoma caused by bacteria. Since the treatment of these two etiologies is entirely different, a definite diagnosis after histopathological and microbiological examination is mandatory, though difficult. Serological test exists but is not so reliable; however, molecular techniques to identify relevant antigens have shown promise. The disease is notoriously difficult to treat. Eumycetoma may be unresponsive to standard antifungal therapy. Actinomycetoma responds to antibiotic therapy, but prolonged treatment is necessary. This review focuses on the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of mycetoma.
Mycetoma is a localized chronic, suppurative, and deforming granulomatous infection seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin and bones, mainly of feet, characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or granules. Etiological classification divides it into eumycetoma caused by fungus, and actinomycetoma caused by bacteria. Since the treatment of these two etiologies is entirely different, a definite diagnosis after histopathological and microbiological examination is mandatory, though difficult. Serological test exists but is not so reliable; however, molecular techniques to identify relevant antigens have shown promise. The disease is notoriously difficult to treat. Eumycetoma may be unresponsive to standard antifungal therapy. Actinomycetoma responds to antibiotic therapy, but prolonged treatment is necessary. This review focuses on the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of mycetoma.
Author Relhan, Vineet
Agarwal, Pooja
Garg, VijayKumar
Mahajan, Khushbu
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Dermatology, NDMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
From the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
2 Department of Dermatology, AMC Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Dermatology, AMC Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
– name: 1 Department of Dermatology, NDMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
– name: From the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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  surname: Relhan
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  surname: Agarwal
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  givenname: VijayKumar
  surname: Garg
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28794542$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Cites_doi 10.1007/978-1-59745-325-7_21
ContentType Journal Article
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Copyright: © 2017 Indian Journal of Dermatology 2017
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Issue 4
Keywords eumycetoma
Madura foot
Actinomycetoma
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
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SubjectTerms Actinomycetoma
Antibiotics
Antifungal agents
Antigens
Dermatology
eumycetoma
Fungi
Immunoglobulins
Infections
Madura foot
Neutrophils
Organisms
Pathogenesis
Review
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