A demand response-centred approach to the long-term equipment capacity planning of grid-independent micro-grids optimized by the moth-flame optimization algorithm

•A metaheuristic-driven method is proposed to optimally design off-grid micro-grids.•A data compression-directed model reduction preserves the computational tractability.•The moth-flame optimizer is superior to the well-established algorithms in this area.•A direct load control-demand response progr...

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