A reactor-scale CFD model of soot formation during high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification of biomass

•Reactor-scale soot modeling for biomass high-temperature gasification is established.•Simplified tar model is developed for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, respectively.•The difference of soot yield from the basic biomass components is well captured.•Tar reforming plays an important role in co...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Fuel (Guildford) Jg. 303; S. 121240
Hauptverfasser:	Chen, Tao, Li, Tian, Sjöblom, Jonas, Ström, Henrik
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2021 Elsevier BV
Schlagworte:	Air pollution Air temperature Algorithms Biomass Biomass gasification Cellulose Computational fluid dynamics Computational fluid dynamics modeling Computer applications Contamination current Dust Eulerian-Lagrangian Fluid dynamics Gasification Hemicellulose High temperature High-temperature gasification High-temperature pyrolysis Hydrodynamics Lignin Mass transfer Mathematical models Multiphase flow Operating temperature Optimization Pyrolysis Pyrolysis and gasification Reactors Soot Soot formation Soot formations Soot generations Tar Tube furnaces Two-equation model Biomass gasification Soot formation Eulerian-Lagrangian Two-equation model
ISSN:	0016-2361, 1873-7153, 1873-7153
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Abstract	•Reactor-scale soot modeling for biomass high-temperature gasification is established.•Simplified tar model is developed for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, respectively.•The difference of soot yield from the basic biomass components is well captured.•Tar reforming plays an important role in controlling soot generation during steam gasification.•The impact of surface growth through HACA mechanism on soot yield is relatively small. Soot generation is an important problem in high-temperature biomass gasification, which results in both air pollution and the contamination of gasification equipment. Due to the complex nature of biomass materials and the soot formation process, it is still a challenge to fully understand and describe the mechanisms of tar evolution and soot generation at the reactor scale. This knowledge gap thus motivates the development of a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) soot formation algorithm for biomass gasification, where the soot precursor is modeled using a component-based pyrolysis framework to distinguish cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The model is first validated with pyrolysis experiments from different research groups, after which the soot generation during biomass steam gasification in a drop-tube furnace is studied under different operating temperatures (900–1200 °C) and steam/biomass ratios. Compared with the predictions based on a detailed tar conversion model, the current algorithm captures the soot generation more reasonably although a simplified tar model is used. Besides, the influence of biomass lignin content and the impact of tar and soot consumptions on the soot yield is quantitatively studied. Moreover, the impact of surface growth on soot formation is also discussed. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of the coupled multiphase flow algorithm in the prediction of soot formation during biomass gasification with strong heat/mass transfer effects. In conclusion, the model is thus a useful tool for the analysis and optimization of industrial-scaled biomass gasification.
AbstractList	Soot generation is an important problem in high-temperature biomass gasification, which results in both air pollution and the contamination of gasification equipment. Due to the complex nature of biomass materials and the soot formation process, it is still a challenge to fully understand and describe the mechanisms of tar evolution and soot generation at the reactor scale. This knowledge gap thus motivates the development of a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) soot formation algorithm for biomass gasification, where the soot precursor is modeled using a component-based pyrolysis framework to distinguish cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The model is first validated with pyrolysis experiments from different research groups, after which the soot generation during biomass steam gasification in a drop-tube furnace is studied under different operating temperatures (900–1200 °C) and steam/biomass ratios. Compared with the predictions based on a detailed tar conversion model, the current algorithm captures the soot generation more reasonably although a simplified tar model is used. Besides, the influence of biomass lignin content and the impact of tar and soot consumptions on the soot yield is quantitatively studied. Moreover, the impact of surface growth on soot formation is also discussed. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of the coupled multiphase flow algorithm in the prediction of soot formation during biomass gasification with strong heat/mass transfer effects. In conclusion, the model is thus a useful tool for the analysis and optimization of industrial-scaled biomass gasification. Soot generation is an important problem in high-temperature biomass gasification, which results in both air pollution and the contamination of gasification equipment. Due to the complex nature of biomass materials and the soot formation process, it is still a challenge to fully understand and describe the mechanisms of tar evolution and soot generation at the reactor scale. This knowledge gap thus motivates the development of a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) soot formation algorithm for biomass gasification, where the soot precursor is modeled using a component-based pyrolysis framework to distinguish cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The model is first validated with pyrolysis experiments from different research groups, after which the soot generation during biomass steam gasification in a drop-tube furnace is studied under different operating temperatures (900–1200 °C) and steam/biomass ratios. Compared with the predictions based on a detailed tar conversion model, the current algorithm captures the soot generation more reasonably although a simplified tar model is used. Besides, the influence of biomass lignin content and the impact of tar and soot consumptions on the soot yield is quantitatively studied. Moreover, the impact of surface growth on soot formation is also discussed. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of the coupled multiphase flow algorithm in the prediction of soot formation during biomass gasification with strong heat/mass transfer effects. In conclusion, the model is thus a useful tool for the analysis and optimization of industrial-scaled biomass gasification. © 2021 The Author(s) •Reactor-scale soot modeling for biomass high-temperature gasification is established.•Simplified tar model is developed for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, respectively.•The difference of soot yield from the basic biomass components is well captured.•Tar reforming plays an important role in controlling soot generation during steam gasification.•The impact of surface growth through HACA mechanism on soot yield is relatively small. Soot generation is an important problem in high-temperature biomass gasification, which results in both air pollution and the contamination of gasification equipment. Due to the complex nature of biomass materials and the soot formation process, it is still a challenge to fully understand and describe the mechanisms of tar evolution and soot generation at the reactor scale. This knowledge gap thus motivates the development of a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) soot formation algorithm for biomass gasification, where the soot precursor is modeled using a component-based pyrolysis framework to distinguish cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The model is first validated with pyrolysis experiments from different research groups, after which the soot generation during biomass steam gasification in a drop-tube furnace is studied under different operating temperatures (900–1200 °C) and steam/biomass ratios. Compared with the predictions based on a detailed tar conversion model, the current algorithm captures the soot generation more reasonably although a simplified tar model is used. Besides, the influence of biomass lignin content and the impact of tar and soot consumptions on the soot yield is quantitatively studied. Moreover, the impact of surface growth on soot formation is also discussed. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of the coupled multiphase flow algorithm in the prediction of soot formation during biomass gasification with strong heat/mass transfer effects. In conclusion, the model is thus a useful tool for the analysis and optimization of industrial-scaled biomass gasification.
ArticleNumber	121240
Author	Chen, Tao Li, Tian Ström, Henrik Sjöblom, Jonas
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Tao orcidid: 0000-0001-5700-4967 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Tao email: tchen@chalmers.se organization: Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: Tian surname: Li fullname: Li, Tian organization: RISE Fire Research, NO-7092 Tiller, Norway – sequence: 3 givenname: Jonas surname: Sjöblom fullname: Sjöblom, Jonas organization: Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: Henrik orcidid: 0000-0002-8581-5174 surname: Ström fullname: Ström, Henrik organization: Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Keywords	Biomass gasification Soot formation Eulerian-Lagrangian Two-equation model
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Snippet	•Reactor-scale soot modeling for biomass high-temperature gasification is established.•Simplified tar model is developed for cellulose, hemicellulose and... Soot generation is an important problem in high-temperature biomass gasification, which results in both air pollution and the contamination of gasification...
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SubjectTerms	Air pollution Air temperature Algorithms Biomass Biomass gasification Cellulose Computational fluid dynamics Computational fluid dynamics modeling Computer applications Contamination current Dust Eulerian-Lagrangian Fluid dynamics Gasification Hemicellulose High temperature High-temperature gasification High-temperature pyrolysis Hydrodynamics Lignin Mass transfer Mathematical models Multiphase flow Operating temperature Optimization Pyrolysis Pyrolysis and gasification Reactors Soot Soot formation Soot formations Soot generations Tar Tube furnaces Two-equation model
Title	A reactor-scale CFD model of soot formation during high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification of biomass
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