Individual Behavior and Group Membership

People who are members of a group and identify with it behave differently from people who perceive themselves as isolated individuals. This paper shows that group membership affects preferences over outcomes, and saliency of the group affects the perception of the environment. We manipulate the sali...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The American economic review Vol. 97; no. 4; pp. 1340 - 1352
Main Authors:	Charness, Gary, Rigotti, Luca, Rustichini, Aldo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nashville American Economic Association 01.09.2007
Subjects:	Audiences Battle of the sexes Behavioural economics Cooperation Decision making Economic analysis Economic psychology Economic theory Experiments Feedback Games Group dynamics Group identity Group membership Groups Human aggression Individual behaviour Membership Memberships Perceptions Preferences Prisoners dilemma Saliency Social discrimination Social identity Social psychology Society Studies
ISSN:	0002-8282, 1944-7981
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	People who are members of a group and identify with it behave differently from people who perceive themselves as isolated individuals. This paper shows that group membership affects preferences over outcomes, and saliency of the group affects the perception of the environment. We manipulate the saliency of group membership by letting a player's own group watch as a passive audience as decisions are made, and/or by making part of the payoff common for members of the group. In contrast to the minimal-group paradigm, minimal groups alone do not affect behavior in our strategic environments. However, salient group membership significantly increases the aggressive stance of the hosts (people who have their group members in the audience), and tends to reduce that of the guests.
AbstractList	People who are members of a group and identify with it behave differently from people who perceive themselves as isolated individuals. This paper shows that group membership affects preferences over outcomes, and saliency of the group affects the perception of the environment. We manipulate the saliency of group membership by letting a player's own group watch as a passive audience as decisions are made, and/or by making part of the payoff common for members of the group. In contrast to the minimal-group paradigm, minimal groups alone do not affect behavior in our strategic environments. However, salient group membership significantly increases the aggressive stance of the hosts (people who have their group members in the audience), and tends to reduce that of the guests. (JEL D71, Z13) People who are members of a group and identify with it behave differently from people who perceive themselves as isolated individuals. This paper shows that group membership affects preferences over outcomes, and saliency of the group affects the perception of the environment. We manipulate the saliency of group membership by letting a player's own group watch as a passive audience as decisions are made, and/or by making part of the payoff common for members of the group. In contrast to the minimal-group paradigm, minimal groups alone do not affect behavior in our strategic environments. However, salient group membership significantly increases the aggressive stance of the hosts (people who have their group members in the audience), and tends to reduce that of the guests. People who are members of a group and identify with it behave differently from people who perceive themselves as isolated individuals. This paper shows that group membership affects preferences over outcomes, and saliency of the group affects the perception of the environment. We manipulate the saliency of group membership by letting a player's own group watch as a passive audience as decisions are made, and/or by making part of the payoff common for members of the group. In contrast to the minimal-group paradigm, minimal groups alone do not affect behavior in our strategic environments. However, salient group membership significantly increases the aggressive stance of the hosts (people who have their group members in the audience), and tends to reduce that of the guests. (JEL D71, Z13) [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author	Rustichini, Aldo Rigotti, Luca Charness, Gary
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Gary surname: Charness fullname: Charness, Gary – sequence: 2 givenname: Luca surname: Rigotti fullname: Rigotti, Luca – sequence: 3 givenname: Aldo surname: Rustichini fullname: Rustichini, Aldo
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright 2007 American Economic Association Copyright American Economic Association Sep 2007
Copyright_xml	– notice: Copyright 2007 American Economic Association – notice: Copyright American Economic Association Sep 2007
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References_xml	– start-page: 93 year: 1951 ident: p_5 publication-title: Proceedings of the 2nd Berkeley symposium on Mathematical statistics and Probability, ed. Jerzy Neyman – start-page: 33 year: 1979 ident: p_35 publication-title: W. Austin, and S. Worchel – ident: p_4 doi: 10.1007/BF00163345 – ident: p_7 doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.307 – ident: p_33 doi: 10.1016/1062-9769(95)90048-9 – ident: p_25 doi: 10.1002/casp.2450050104 – ident: p_34 doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2420010202 – ident: p_6 doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2420030103 – volume: 83 start-page: 1303 issue: 5 year: 1993 ident: p_16 publication-title: american Economic review – start-page: 3 year: 1995 ident: p_31 publication-title: The Handbook of Experimental Economics, ed. John H. Kagel and Alvin E. Roth – ident: p_13 doi: 10.2307/2555734 – ident: p_8 doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83 – ident: p_11 doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00025292 – ident: p_10 doi: 10.1177/001872678403700704 – ident: p_28 doi: 10.1177/0022002793037004003 – ident: p_3 doi: 10.1023/A:1024471506938 – ident: p_27 doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.46.5.1044 – ident: p_2 doi: 10.1162/003355300554881 – ident: p_32 doi: 10.1257/jep.5.2.25 – ident: p_9 doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.543 – volume: 80 start-page: 218 issue: 1 year: 1990 ident: p_14 publication-title: american Economic review – volume: 84 start-page: 600 issue: 3 year: 1994 ident: p_29 publication-title: american Economic review – ident: p_26 doi: 10.1177/001872679404700104 – ident: p_19 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199911)29:7<871::AID-EJSP962>3.0.CO;2-I – ident: p_24 doi: 10.1080/14792779343000022 – ident: p_20 doi: 10.1162/003355300555466 – ident: p_17 doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(88)90047-9 – ident: p_21 doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2004.01.003 – start-page: 97 year: 1990 ident: p_18 publication-title: Beyond self-interest, ed. Jane J. Mansbridge – ident: p_15 doi: 10.2307/2118488
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SubjectTerms	Audiences Battle of the sexes Behavioural economics Cooperation Decision making Economic analysis Economic psychology Economic theory Experiments Feedback Games Group dynamics Group identity Group membership Groups Human aggression Individual behaviour Membership Memberships Perceptions Preferences Prisoners dilemma Saliency Social discrimination Social identity Social psychology Society Studies
Title	Individual Behavior and Group Membership
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