The Gut–CNS Axis in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS driven by the inflammatory activity of peripheral immune cells recruited to the CNS and by CNS-resident glial cells. MS pathogenesis has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors. In addition, the commensal flora ha...

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Published in:Trends in neurosciences (Regular ed.) Vol. 43; no. 8; pp. 622 - 634
Main Authors: Kadowaki, Atsushi, Quintana, Francisco J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2020
Subjects:
astrocytes
glial cells
gut microbiota
gut–CNS axis
microglia
multiple sclerosis
T cells
glial cells
gut–CNS axis
multiple sclerosis
astrocytes
T cells
microglia
gut microbiota
ISSN:0166-2236, 1878-108X, 1878-108X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS driven by the inflammatory activity of peripheral immune cells recruited to the CNS and by CNS-resident glial cells. MS pathogenesis has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors. In addition, the commensal flora have been shown to modulate immune processes relevant to MS pathogenesis. We discuss the effects of the gut microbiota on T cells and glial cells, and their relevance for the control of inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. A better understanding of the gut–CNS axis will shed new light on the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and may help to guide the development of efficacious therapies for MS. MS is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by CNS inflammation and damage to myelin.T cells, B cells, and CNS-resident cells including astrocytes and microglia contribute to MS pathogenesis.MS pathogenesis has been linked to genetic and environmental factors, as well as to the gut microbiome.The microbiome modulates the differentiation and function of peripheral immune cells that control CNS inflammation.Microbial metabolites that reach the CNS can modulate the activity of resident glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia.
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ISSN:0166-2236
1878-108X
1878-108X
DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.002