Significance of Immune and Non-Immune Cell Stroma as a Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma—From Inflammation to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer as well as the most prevalent cause of death in the adult patient population with cirrhosis. The occurrence of HCC is primarily caused by chronic liver inflammation that might occur because of a viral infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 19; p. 10233
Main Authors: Baj, Jacek, Kołodziej, Magdalena, Kobak, Joanna, Januszewski, Jacek, Syty, Kinga, Portincasa, Piero, Forma, Alicja
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.10.2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Alcohol
Animals
Antigens
B cells
Bone marrow
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - immunology
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology
Causes of
Connective tissue cells
Development and progression
Diabetes
Disease Progression
Diseases
Endothelium
Fatty liver
Health aspects
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatoma
Humans
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - pathology
Liver
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Liver diseases
Liver Neoplasms - immunology
Liver Neoplasms - pathology
Macrophages
Metabolism
Metabolites
Metastasis
Mutation
Neutrophils
Obesity
Overweight
Physiological aspects
Review
Risk factors
Stem cells
Stromal Cells - immunology
Stromal Cells - metabolism
Stromal Cells - pathology
Transgenic animals
Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
Type 2 diabetes
Viral infections
Weight control
Y chromosomes
Poland
bone-marrow-derived cells
cancer-associated fibroblasts
immune stroma
lymphocytes
tumor-associated mast cells
liver-sinusoidal endothelial cells
HCC
tumor-infiltrating neutrophils
hepatocellular carcinoma
tumor-associated macrophages
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer as well as the most prevalent cause of death in the adult patient population with cirrhosis. The occurrence of HCC is primarily caused by chronic liver inflammation that might occur because of a viral infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or various lifestyle-associated factors. The objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the microenvironment of HCC, indicating how immune- and non-immune-cell stroma might affect the onset and progression of HCC. Therefore, in the following narrative review, we described the role of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, bone-marrow-derived cells, tumor-associated mast cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, liver-sinusoidal endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and certain cytokines in liver inflammation and the further progression to HCC. A better understanding of the HCC microenvironment might be crucial to introducing novel treatment strategies or combined therapies that could lead to more effective clinical outcomes.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms251910233