A disposable biosensor for urea determination in blood based on an ammonium-sensitive transducer

A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH + 4-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described. The ion-sensitive polymer matrix membrane was formed in the presence of an additional electrochemical inert filter paper matrix to improve th...

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Published in:	Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 33 - 41
Main Authors:	Eggenstein, Claudia, Borchardt, Michael, Diekmann, Christoph, Bernd Gründig, Dumschat, Christa, Cammann, Karl, Knoll, Meinhard, Friedrich Spener
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Lausanne Elsevier B.V 1999 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Biological and medical sciences Biosensing Techniques Biosensors Biotechnology Blood Blood urea Disposable biosensor Disposable reference electrode Electrochemical electrodes Enzyme immobilization Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Hydrogels Membranes, Artificial Methods. Procedures. Technologies Nitrogen compounds Polymeric membranes Polyurethanes Potentiometric biosensor Potentiometric sensors Potentiometry Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Transducers Urea Urea - blood Urea biosensor Various methods and equipments Urea biosensor Disposable reference electrode Potentiometric biosensor Disposable biosensor Blood urea Performance evaluation Disposable Enzyme Urease Potentiometry Enzyme electrode Blood Ion selective electrode Urea Biosensor Hydrolases Immobilized enzyme Medical application Quantitative analysis
ISSN:	0956-5663, 1873-4235
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Abstract	A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH + 4-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described. The ion-sensitive polymer matrix membrane was formed in the presence of an additional electrochemical inert filter paper matrix to improve the reproducibility in sensor production. The electrodes were prepared from one-side silver-coated filter paper, which is encapsulated for insulation by a heat-sealing film. A defined volume of the NH + 4-sensitive polymer matrix membrane cocktail was deposited on this filter paper. To obtain the urea-biosensor a layer of urease was cast onto the ion-sensitive membrane. Poly (carbamoylsulfonate) hydrogel, produced from a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer blocked with bisulfite, served as immobilisation material. The disposable urea-sensitive electrode was combined with a disposable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to obtain the disposable urea biosensor. The sensor responded rapidly and in a stable manner to changes in urea concentrations between 7.2×10 −5 and 2.1×10 −2 mol/l. The detection limit was 2×10 −5 mol/l urea and the slope in the linear range 52 mV/decade. By taking into consideration the influence of the interfering K +- and Na +- ions the sensor can be used for the determination of urea in human blood and serum samples (diluted or undiluted). A good correlation was found with the data obtained by the spectrophotometric routine method.
AbstractList	A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH super(+) sub(4)-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described. The ion-sensitive polymer matrix membrane was formed in the presence of an additional electrochemical inert filter paper matrix to improve the reproducibility in sensor production. The electrodes were prepared from one-side silver-coated filter paper, which is encapsulated for insulation by a heat-sealing film. A defined volume of the NH super(+) sub(4)-sensitive polymer matrix membrane cocktail was deposited on this filter paper. To obtain the urea-biosensor a layer of urease was cast onto the ion-sensitive membrane. Poly (carbamoylsulfonate) hydrogel, produced from a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer blocked with bisulfite, served as immobilization material. The disposable urea-sensitive electrode was combined with a disposable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to obtain the disposable urea biosensor. The sensor responded rapidly and in a stable manner to changes in urea concentrations between 7.2x10 super(-5) and 2.1x10 super(-2) mol/l. The detection limit was 2x10 super(-5) mol/l urea and the slope in the linear range 52 mV/decade. By taking into consideration the influence of the interfering K super(+)- and Na super(+)-ions the sensor can be used for the determination of urea in human blood and serum samples (diluted or undiluted). A good correlation was found with the data obtained by the spectrophotometric routine method. A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH4(+)-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described. The ion-sensitive polymer matrix membrane was formed in the presence of an additional electrochemical inert filter paper matrix to improve the reproducibility in sensor production. The electrodes were prepared from one-side silver-coated filter paper, which is encapsulated for insulation by a heat-sealing film. A defined volume of the NH4(+)-sensitive polymer matrix membrane cocktail was deposited on this filter paper. To obtain the urea-biosensor a layer of urease was cast onto the ion-sensitive membrane. Poly (carbamoylsulfonate) hydrogel, produced from a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer blocked with bisulfite, served as immobilisation material. The disposable urea sensitive electrode was combined with a disposable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to obtain the disposable urea biosensor. The sensor responded rapidly and in a stable manner to changes in urea concentrations between 7.2 x 10(-5) and 2.1 x 10(-2)mol/l. The detection limit was 2 x 10(-5) mol/l urea and the slope in the linear range 52 mV/decade. By taking into consideration the influence of the interfering K(+)- and Na(+)-ions the sensor can be used for the determination of urea in human blood and serum samples (diluted or undiluted). A good correlation was found with the data obtained by the spectrophotometric routine method.A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH4(+)-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described. The ion-sensitive polymer matrix membrane was formed in the presence of an additional electrochemical inert filter paper matrix to improve the reproducibility in sensor production. The electrodes were prepared from one-side silver-coated filter paper, which is encapsulated for insulation by a heat-sealing film. A defined volume of the NH4(+)-sensitive polymer matrix membrane cocktail was deposited on this filter paper. To obtain the urea-biosensor a layer of urease was cast onto the ion-sensitive membrane. Poly (carbamoylsulfonate) hydrogel, produced from a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer blocked with bisulfite, served as immobilisation material. The disposable urea sensitive electrode was combined with a disposable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to obtain the disposable urea biosensor. The sensor responded rapidly and in a stable manner to changes in urea concentrations between 7.2 x 10(-5) and 2.1 x 10(-2)mol/l. The detection limit was 2 x 10(-5) mol/l urea and the slope in the linear range 52 mV/decade. By taking into consideration the influence of the interfering K(+)- and Na(+)-ions the sensor can be used for the determination of urea in human blood and serum samples (diluted or undiluted). A good correlation was found with the data obtained by the spectrophotometric routine method. A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH4(+)-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described. The ion-sensitive polymer matrix membrane was formed in the presence of an additional electrochemical inert filter paper matrix to improve the reproducibility in sensor production. The electrodes were prepared from one-side silver-coated filter paper, which is encapsulated for insulation by a heat-sealing film. A defined volume of the NH4(+)-sensitive polymer matrix membrane cocktail was deposited on this filter paper. To obtain the urea-biosensor a layer of urease was cast onto the ion-sensitive membrane. Poly (carbamoylsulfonate) hydrogel, produced from a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer blocked with bisulfite, served as immobilisation material. The disposable urea sensitive electrode was combined with a disposable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to obtain the disposable urea biosensor. The sensor responded rapidly and in a stable manner to changes in urea concentrations between 7.2 x 10(-5) and 2.1 x 10(-2)mol/l. The detection limit was 2 x 10(-5) mol/l urea and the slope in the linear range 52 mV/decade. By taking into consideration the influence of the interfering K(+)- and Na(+)-ions the sensor can be used for the determination of urea in human blood and serum samples (diluted or undiluted). A good correlation was found with the data obtained by the spectrophotometric routine method. A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH + 4-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described. The ion-sensitive polymer matrix membrane was formed in the presence of an additional electrochemical inert filter paper matrix to improve the reproducibility in sensor production. The electrodes were prepared from one-side silver-coated filter paper, which is encapsulated for insulation by a heat-sealing film. A defined volume of the NH + 4-sensitive polymer matrix membrane cocktail was deposited on this filter paper. To obtain the urea-biosensor a layer of urease was cast onto the ion-sensitive membrane. Poly (carbamoylsulfonate) hydrogel, produced from a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer blocked with bisulfite, served as immobilisation material. The disposable urea-sensitive electrode was combined with a disposable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to obtain the disposable urea biosensor. The sensor responded rapidly and in a stable manner to changes in urea concentrations between 7.2×10 −5 and 2.1×10 −2 mol/l. The detection limit was 2×10 −5 mol/l urea and the slope in the linear range 52 mV/decade. By taking into consideration the influence of the interfering K +- and Na +- ions the sensor can be used for the determination of urea in human blood and serum samples (diluted or undiluted). A good correlation was found with the data obtained by the spectrophotometric routine method. A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH sub(4) super(+)-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described. The ion-sensitive polymer matrix membrane was formed in the presence of an additional electrochemical inert filter paper matrix to improve the reproducibility in sensor production. The electrodes were prepared from one-side silver-coated filter paper, which is encapsulated for insulation by a heat-sealing film. A defined volume of the NH sub(4) super(+)-sensitive polymer matrix membrane cocktail was deposited on this filter paper. To obtain the urea-biosensor a layer of urease was cast onto the ion-sensitive membrane. Poly (carbamoylsulfonate) hydrogel, produced from a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer blocked with bisulfite, served as immobilisation material. The disposable urea-sensitive electrode was combined with a disposable Ag/AgCl reference electrode to obtain the disposable urea biosensor. The sensor responded rapidly and in a stable manner to changes in urea concentrations between 7.2 x 10 super(-5) and 2.1 x 10 super(-2) mol/l. The detection limit was 2 x 10 super(-5) mol/l urea and the slope in the linear range 52 mV/decade. By taking into consideration the influence of the interfering K super(+)- and Na super(+)- ions the sensor can be used for the determination of urea in human blood and serum samples (diluted or undiluted). A good correlation was found with the data obtained by the spectrophotometric routine method.
Author	Eggenstein, Claudia Bernd Gründig Knoll, Meinhard Dumschat, Christa Friedrich Spener Borchardt, Michael Diekmann, Christoph Cammann, Karl
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Claudia surname: Eggenstein fullname: Eggenstein, Claudia organization: Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik Münster, Mendelstr. 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Michael surname: Borchardt fullname: Borchardt, Michael organization: Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik Münster, Mendelstr. 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Christoph surname: Diekmann fullname: Diekmann, Christoph organization: Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik Münster, Mendelstr. 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany – sequence: 4 surname: Bernd Gründig fullname: Bernd Gründig organization: Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik Münster, Mendelstr. 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Christa surname: Dumschat fullname: Dumschat, Christa organization: Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik Münster, Mendelstr. 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Karl surname: Cammann fullname: Cammann, Karl organization: Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik Münster, Mendelstr. 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Meinhard surname: Knoll fullname: Knoll, Meinhard organization: Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik Münster, Mendelstr. 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany – sequence: 8 surname: Friedrich Spener fullname: Friedrich Spener organization: Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik Münster, Mendelstr. 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Keywords	Urea biosensor Disposable reference electrode Potentiometric biosensor Disposable biosensor Blood urea Performance evaluation Disposable Enzyme Urease Potentiometry Enzyme electrode Blood Ion selective electrode Urea Biosensor Hydrolases Immobilized enzyme Medical application Quantitative analysis
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Snippet	A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH + 4-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described.... A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH4(+)-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is described.... A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH sub(4) super(+)-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is... A potentiometric urea-sensitive biosensor using a NH super(+) sub(4)-sensitive disposable electrode in double matrix membrane (DMM) technology as transducer is...
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SubjectTerms	Biological and medical sciences Biosensing Techniques Biosensors Biotechnology Blood Blood urea Disposable biosensor Disposable reference electrode Electrochemical electrodes Enzyme immobilization Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Hydrogels Membranes, Artificial Methods. Procedures. Technologies Nitrogen compounds Polymeric membranes Polyurethanes Potentiometric biosensor Potentiometric sensors Potentiometry Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Transducers Urea Urea - blood Urea biosensor Various methods and equipments
Title	A disposable biosensor for urea determination in blood based on an ammonium-sensitive transducer
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(98)00103-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10028647 https://www.proquest.com/docview/17283761 https://www.proquest.com/docview/21348870 https://www.proquest.com/docview/26928058 https://www.proquest.com/docview/69590034
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