Experimental Evaluation of a Rare Earth-Free Permanent Magnet Generator

Low speed, high torque machines are used in wind turbines where the turbine rotor is directly connected to the generator. A permanent magnet synchronous generator using high-energy rare-earth permanent magnets (PMs) is one common choice for this application, but rare-earth PMs have supply insecuriti...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on energy conversion Vol. 36; no. 1; pp. 3 - 10
Main Authors:	Eklund, Petter, Sjolund, Jonathan, Berg, Marcus, Leijon, Mats, Eriksson, Sandra
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.03.2021 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Electrical machines Electrical measurement end effects Engineering Science with specialization in Science of Electricity experiment experimental evaluation Ferrite permanent magnets Ferrites finite element methods Generators Low speed Magnetic fields Magnetism Mathematical analysis performance evaluation permanent magnet generator Permanent magnet generators permanent magnet machines Permanent magnets Rare earth elements rare earth free permanent magnet Rotors Simulation Soft magnetic materials Solid modeling spoke-type rotor Stators Teknisk fysik med inriktning mot elektricitetslära Two dimensional displays Wind turbines
ISSN:	0885-8969, 1558-0059, 1558-0059
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Abstract	Low speed, high torque machines are used in wind turbines where the turbine rotor is directly connected to the generator. A permanent magnet synchronous generator using high-energy rare-earth permanent magnets (PMs) is one common choice for this application, but rare-earth PMs have supply insecurities and cost risks. A rare-earth free 32-pole PM generator, using ferrite PMs in a spoke-type rotor, for use in a 12 kW experimental wind turbine is built and tested. Voltages and currents at load and no load are measured, as well as the magnetic field in the end regions of the machine. The generator can deliver the required power at nominal speed and has low harmonic content in the output. The electrical measurements are compared to two-dimensional finite element design calculations and the experimental results are lower than expected from simulations. The measured voltage is lower than expected, requiring a higher current than calculated for the rated power. Three-dimensional magnetic field simulations show that there are leakage flux paths in the end-regions that the two-dimensional design calculations overlook, explaining the discrepancy between simulations and measurements.
AbstractList	Low speed, high torque machines are used in wind turbines where the turbine rotor is directly connected to the generator. A permanent magnet synchronous generator using high-energy rare-earth permanent magnets (PMs) is one common choice for this application, but rare-earth PMs have supply insecurities and cost risks. A rare-earth free PM generator, using ferrite PMs in a spoke-type rotor, for use in a 12 kW experimental wind turbine is built and tested. Voltages and currents at load and no load are measured, as well as the magnetic field in the end regions of the machine.The measurements are compared to two-dimensional finite element design calculations. Simulations of the three-dimensional magnetic field in the end regions are also made. The generator can deliver the required power at nominal speed and has low harmonic content in the output. The measured voltage is lower than expected, requiring a higher current than calculated for the rated power. Three-dimensional magnetic field simulations show that there are leakage flux paths in the end-regions that the two-dimensional design calculations overlook, explaining the discrepancy between simulations and measurements. Low speed, high torque machines are used in wind turbines where the turbine rotor is directly connected to the generator. A permanent magnet synchronous generator using high-energy rare-earth permanent magnets (PMs) is one common choice for this application, but rare-earth PMs have supply insecurities and cost risks. A rare-earth free 32-pole PM generator, using ferrite PMs in a spoke-type rotor, for use in a 12 kW experimental wind turbine is built and tested. Voltages and currents at load and no load are measured, as well as the magnetic field in the end regions of the machine. The generator can deliver the required power at nominal speed and has low harmonic content in the output. The electrical measurements are compared to two-dimensional finite element design calculations and the experimental results are lower than expected from simulations. The measured voltage is lower than expected, requiring a higher current than calculated for the rated power. Three-dimensional magnetic field simulations show that there are leakage flux paths in the end-regions that the two-dimensional design calculations overlook, explaining the discrepancy between simulations and measurements. Low speed, high torque machines are used in wind turbines where the turbine rotor is directly connected to the generator. A permanent magnet synchronous generator using high-energy rare-earth permanent magnets (PMs) is one common choice for this application, but rare-earth PMs have supply insecurities and cost risks. A rare-earth free 32-pole PM generator, using ferrite PMs in a spoke-type rotor, for use in a 12 kW experimental wind turbine is built and tested. Voltages and currents at load and no load are measured, as well as the magnetic field in the end regions of the machine. The generator can deliver the required power at nominal speed and has low harmonic content in the output. The electrical measurements are compared to two-dimensional finite element design calculations and the experimental results are lower than expected from simulations. The measured voltage is lower than expected, requiring a higher current than calculated for the rated power. Three-dimensional magnetic field simulations show that there are leakage flux paths in the end-regions that the two-dimensional design calculations overlook, explaining the discrepancy between simulations and measurements. © 1986-2012 IEEE.
Author	Sjolund, Jonathan Leijon, Mats Eklund, Petter Eriksson, Sandra Berg, Marcus
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SubjectTerms	Electrical machines Electrical measurement end effects Engineering Science with specialization in Science of Electricity experiment experimental evaluation Ferrite permanent magnets Ferrites finite element methods Generators Low speed Magnetic fields Magnetism Mathematical analysis performance evaluation permanent magnet generator Permanent magnet generators permanent magnet machines Permanent magnets Rare earth elements rare earth free permanent magnet Rotors Simulation Soft magnetic materials Solid modeling spoke-type rotor Stators Teknisk fysik med inriktning mot elektricitetslära Two dimensional displays Wind turbines
Title	Experimental Evaluation of a Rare Earth-Free Permanent Magnet Generator
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