Low Spatial Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Transmission for Improved Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO Systems
A significant portion of the operating power of a base station is consumed by power amplifiers (PAs). Much of this power is dissipated in the form of heat, as the overall efficiency of currently deployed PAs is typically very low. This is because the structure of conventional precoding techniques ty...
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| Vydané v: | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 21; číslo 16; s. 5534 |
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| Abstract | A significant portion of the operating power of a base station is consumed by power amplifiers (PAs). Much of this power is dissipated in the form of heat, as the overall efficiency of currently deployed PAs is typically very low. This is because the structure of conventional precoding techniques typically results in a relatively high variation in output power at different antennas in the array, and many PAs are operated well below saturation to avoid distortion of the transmitted signals. In this work, we use a realistic model for power consumption in PAs and study the impact of power variation across antennas in the array on the energy efficiency of a massive MIMO downlink system. We introduce a family of linear precoding matrices that allow us to control the spatial peak-to-average power ratio by projecting a fraction of the transmitted power onto the null space of the channel. These precoding matrices preserve the structure of conventional precoders; e.g., they suppress multiuser interference when used together with zeroforcing precoding and bring advantages over these precoders by operating PAs in a more power-efficient region and reducing the total radiated distortion. Our numerical results show that by controlling the power variations between antennas in the array and incorporating the nonlinearity properties of PA into the precoder optimization, significant gains in energy efficiency can be achieved over conventional precoding techniques. |
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| AbstractList | A significant portion of the operating power of a base station is consumed by power amplifiers (PAs). Much of this power is dissipated in the form of heat, as the overall efficiency of currently deployed PAs is typically very low. This is because the structure of conventional precoding techniques typically results in a relatively high variation in output power at different antennas in the array, and many PAs are operated well below saturation to avoid distortion of the transmitted signals. In this work, we use a realistic model for power consumption in PAs and study the impact of power variation across antennas in the array on the energy efficiency of a massive MIMO downlink system. We introduce a family of linear precoding matrices that allow us to control the spatial peak-to-average power ratio by projecting a fraction of the transmitted power onto the null space of the channel. These precoding matrices preserve the structure of conventional precoders; e.g., they suppress multiuser interference when used together with zeroforcing precoding and bring advantages over these precoders by operating PAs in a more power-efficient region and reducing the total radiated distortion. Our numerical results show that by controlling the power variations between antennas in the array and incorporating the nonlinearity properties of PA into the precoder optimization, significant gains in energy efficiency can be achieved over conventional precoding techniques. A significant portion of the operating power of a base station is consumed by power amplifiers (PAs). Much of this power is dissipated in the form of heat, as the overall efficiency of currently deployed PAs is typically very low. This is because the structure of conventional precoding techniques typically results in a relatively high variation in output power at different antennas in the array, and many PAs are operated well below saturation to avoid distortion of the transmitted signals. In this work, we use a realistic model for power consumption in PAs and study the impact of power variation across antennas in the array on the energy efficiency of a massive MIMO downlink system. We introduce a family of linear precoding matrices that allow us to control the spatial peak-to-average power ratio by projecting a fraction of the transmitted power onto the null space of the channel. These precoding matrices preserve the structure of conventional precoders; e.g., they suppress multiuser interference when used together with zeroforcing precoding and bring advantages over these precoders by operating PAs in a more power-efficient region and reducing the total radiated distortion. Our numerical results show that by controlling the power variations between antennas in the array and incorporating the nonlinearity properties of PA into the precoder optimization, significant gains in energy efficiency can be achieved over conventional precoding techniques.A significant portion of the operating power of a base station is consumed by power amplifiers (PAs). Much of this power is dissipated in the form of heat, as the overall efficiency of currently deployed PAs is typically very low. This is because the structure of conventional precoding techniques typically results in a relatively high variation in output power at different antennas in the array, and many PAs are operated well below saturation to avoid distortion of the transmitted signals. In this work, we use a realistic model for power consumption in PAs and study the impact of power variation across antennas in the array on the energy efficiency of a massive MIMO downlink system. We introduce a family of linear precoding matrices that allow us to control the spatial peak-to-average power ratio by projecting a fraction of the transmitted power onto the null space of the channel. These precoding matrices preserve the structure of conventional precoders; e.g., they suppress multiuser interference when used together with zeroforcing precoding and bring advantages over these precoders by operating PAs in a more power-efficient region and reducing the total radiated distortion. Our numerical results show that by controlling the power variations between antennas in the array and incorporating the nonlinearity properties of PA into the precoder optimization, significant gains in energy efficiency can be achieved over conventional precoding techniques. |
| Author | Eriksson, Thomas Rezaei Aghdam, Sina |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; thomase@chalmers.se |
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| BackLink | https://research.chalmers.se/publication/525608$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Chalmers tekniska högskola) |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TWC.2015.2455980 10.1109/ICCW.2019.8757031 10.1109/TWC.2015.2400437 10.1109/TSP.2017.2781647 10.1109/LCOMM.2013.043013.130050 10.1007/978-1-4020-6903-1 10.1109/TIT.1962.1057719 10.1109/TIT.2005.860424 10.1109/TCOMM.2011.121211.110222 10.1109/JSAC.2013.130217 10.1109/SURV.2011.092311.00031 10.1109/MMM.2014.2367857 10.1109/SURV.2013.021313.00164 10.1109/TCOMM.2014.011114.130337 10.1109/TCOMM.2018.2869570 10.1109/TWC.2018.2865786 10.1109/MSP.2020.3025538 10.1109/MWC.2016.1500374WC 10.1109/JSAC.2014.2328154 10.1109/TIT.2006.878110 |
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| SubjectTerms | Antennas Downlink Energy efficiency Linear precoding Massive MIMO Noise Nonlinear power amplifier Optimization Random variables Receivers & amplifiers Signal processing Spatial PAPR |
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| Title | Low Spatial Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Transmission for Improved Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO Systems |
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