High-resolution elemental mapping of the root-rhizosphere-soil continuum using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

Understanding the complex chemical nature of root-soil interactions is essential for building the next generation of sustainable agricultural systems and facilitating long-term environmental remediation strategies. Techniques currently suited to investigate spatial controls on nutrient exchange in p...

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Vydané v:Soil biology & biochemistry Ročník 131; s. 119 - 132
Hlavní autori: Ilhardt, Peter D., Nuñez, Jamie R., Denis, Elizabeth H., Rosnow, Joshua J., Krogstad, Eirik J., Renslow, Ryan S., Moran, James J.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2019
Predmet:
Alfisols
algorithms
atomic absorption spectrometry
carbon
computer software
Elemental mapping
image analysis
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Michigan
Nutrient gradients
nutrients
organic compounds
Panicum virgatum
principal component analysis
raster data
remediation
rhizodeposition
Rhizosphere
Root imaging
roots
sandy loam soils
Soil chemistry
soil minerals
soil stabilization
trace elements
Michigan
Soil chemistry
Rhizosphere
Elemental mapping
Root imaging
Nutrient gradients
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
ISSN:0038-0717, 1879-3428
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Abstract Understanding the complex chemical nature of root-soil interactions is essential for building the next generation of sustainable agricultural systems and facilitating long-term environmental remediation strategies. Techniques currently suited to investigate spatial controls on nutrient exchange in plant rhizospheres, however, are hindered by limitations in throughput, cost, analytical scope, and sample preparation needs. We describe here a method for rapid, high-resolution (∼100 μm), multi-element imaging of both organic content and inorganic constituents in root-rhizosphere-soil systems using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A switchgrass assemblage (Panicum virgatum) was grown in compact rhizotrons containing a sandy loam Alfisol from the Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan, USA. Root-soil samples were extracted using custom plastic coring devices for live root sampling and a modified drill press for sectioning frozen stabilized soil. A 266 nm, Nd:YAG laser was rastered over ∼10 mm2 sample surfaces and broadband spectra from single-pulse ablations were collected and mapped to discrete XY spatial coordinates for simultaneous imaging of 17 macronutrients, micronutrients and matrix elements. In order to rapidly process LIBS raster data and investigate chemical trends in the rhizosphere, an open-source Python module was developed, in which we used a novel calibration-free masking algorithm (based on principal components analysis (PCA) of normalized spectral intensities) to discriminate soil mineral grains, root fragments, and associated rhizosphere regions. We observed fine-scale chemical gradients within only a millimeter of switchgrass roots, consistent with rhizodeposition of organic compounds and proximal uptake of inorganic nutrients. Detection of trace element and carbon accumulations with diagnostic spectral signatures in the rhizosphere suggested the presence of residues (detritusphere) that could serve as sites of preferential microbial accumulation. These results highlight potential applications of LIBS within the growing field of spatially-resolved plant-soil analysis and extend its versatile imaging capabilities to the complex root-rhizosphere-soil network. •LIBS permits rapid chemical mapping of root-soil systems at high spatial resolution.•Images reveal complex plant nutrient distributions with biotic and abiotic controls.•High-throughput, simultaneous imaging of soil minerals and organic matter in situ.•Switchgrass rhizosphere exhibits narrow depletion zone and organic matter gradients.•Open-source Python module developed for analysis of multidimensional LIBS datasets.
AbstractList Understanding the complex chemical nature of root-soil interactions is essential for building the next generation of sustainable agricultural systems and facilitating long-term environmental remediation strategies. Techniques currently suited to investigate spatial controls on nutrient exchange in plant rhizospheres, however, are hindered by limitations in throughput, cost, analytical scope, and sample preparation needs. We describe here a method for rapid, high-resolution (∼100 μm), multi-element imaging of both organic content and inorganic constituents in root-rhizosphere-soil systems using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A switchgrass assemblage (Panicum virgatum) was grown in compact rhizotrons containing a sandy loam Alfisol from the Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan, USA. Root-soil samples were extracted using custom plastic coring devices for live root sampling and a modified drill press for sectioning frozen stabilized soil. A 266 nm, Nd:YAG laser was rastered over ∼10 mm2 sample surfaces and broadband spectra from single-pulse ablations were collected and mapped to discrete XY spatial coordinates for simultaneous imaging of 17 macronutrients, micronutrients and matrix elements. In order to rapidly process LIBS raster data and investigate chemical trends in the rhizosphere, an open-source Python module was developed, in which we used a novel calibration-free masking algorithm (based on principal components analysis (PCA) of normalized spectral intensities) to discriminate soil mineral grains, root fragments, and associated rhizosphere regions. We observed fine-scale chemical gradients within only a millimeter of switchgrass roots, consistent with rhizodeposition of organic compounds and proximal uptake of inorganic nutrients. Detection of trace element and carbon accumulations with diagnostic spectral signatures in the rhizosphere suggested the presence of residues (detritusphere) that could serve as sites of preferential microbial accumulation. These results highlight potential applications of LIBS within the growing field of spatially-resolved plant-soil analysis and extend its versatile imaging capabilities to the complex root-rhizosphere-soil network.
Understanding the complex chemical nature of root-soil interactions is essential for building the next generation of sustainable agricultural systems and facilitating long-term environmental remediation strategies. Techniques currently suited to investigate spatial controls on nutrient exchange in plant rhizospheres, however, are hindered by limitations in throughput, cost, analytical scope, and sample preparation needs. We describe here a method for rapid, high-resolution (∼100 μm), multi-element imaging of both organic content and inorganic constituents in root-rhizosphere-soil systems using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A switchgrass assemblage (Panicum virgatum) was grown in compact rhizotrons containing a sandy loam Alfisol from the Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan, USA. Root-soil samples were extracted using custom plastic coring devices for live root sampling and a modified drill press for sectioning frozen stabilized soil. A 266 nm, Nd:YAG laser was rastered over ∼10 mm2 sample surfaces and broadband spectra from single-pulse ablations were collected and mapped to discrete XY spatial coordinates for simultaneous imaging of 17 macronutrients, micronutrients and matrix elements. In order to rapidly process LIBS raster data and investigate chemical trends in the rhizosphere, an open-source Python module was developed, in which we used a novel calibration-free masking algorithm (based on principal components analysis (PCA) of normalized spectral intensities) to discriminate soil mineral grains, root fragments, and associated rhizosphere regions. We observed fine-scale chemical gradients within only a millimeter of switchgrass roots, consistent with rhizodeposition of organic compounds and proximal uptake of inorganic nutrients. Detection of trace element and carbon accumulations with diagnostic spectral signatures in the rhizosphere suggested the presence of residues (detritusphere) that could serve as sites of preferential microbial accumulation. These results highlight potential applications of LIBS within the growing field of spatially-resolved plant-soil analysis and extend its versatile imaging capabilities to the complex root-rhizosphere-soil network. •LIBS permits rapid chemical mapping of root-soil systems at high spatial resolution.•Images reveal complex plant nutrient distributions with biotic and abiotic controls.•High-throughput, simultaneous imaging of soil minerals and organic matter in situ.•Switchgrass rhizosphere exhibits narrow depletion zone and organic matter gradients.•Open-source Python module developed for analysis of multidimensional LIBS datasets.
Author Ilhardt, Peter D.
Nuñez, Jamie R.
Krogstad, Eirik J.
Rosnow, Joshua J.
Denis, Elizabeth H.
Moran, James J.
Renslow, Ryan S.
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  givenname: Elizabeth H.
  surname: Denis
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  givenname: Eirik J.
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  givenname: James J.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9081-9017
  surname: Moran
  fullname: Moran, James J.
  email: James.Moran@pnnl.gov
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Keywords Soil chemistry
Rhizosphere
Elemental mapping
Root imaging
Nutrient gradients
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
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Snippet Understanding the complex chemical nature of root-soil interactions is essential for building the next generation of sustainable agricultural systems and...
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SubjectTerms Alfisols
algorithms
atomic absorption spectrometry
carbon
computer software
Elemental mapping
image analysis
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Michigan
Nutrient gradients
nutrients
organic compounds
Panicum virgatum
principal component analysis
raster data
remediation
rhizodeposition
Rhizosphere
Root imaging
roots
sandy loam soils
Soil chemistry
soil minerals
soil stabilization
trace elements
Title High-resolution elemental mapping of the root-rhizosphere-soil continuum using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.12.029
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2189539559
Volume 131
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