A vulnerability paradox in the cross-national prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder

Determinants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood. To test whether national post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates can be explained by (a) rates of exposure to trauma and (b) countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of psychiatry Vol. 209; no. 4; pp. 300 - 305
Main Authors: Dückers, Michel L. A., Alisic, Eva, Brewin, Chris R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.10.2016
Subjects:
ISSN:0007-1250, 1472-1465
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Determinants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood. To test whether national post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates can be explained by (a) rates of exposure to trauma and (b) countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to adversity. We collected general population studies on lifetime PTSD and trauma exposure, measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DSM-IV). PTSD prevalence was identified for 24 countries (86 687 respondents) and exposure for 16 countries (53 038 respondents). PTSD was predicted using exposure and vulnerability data. PTSD is related positively to exposure but negatively to country vulnerability. Together, exposure, vulnerability and their interaction explain approximately 75% of variance in the national prevalence of PTSD. Contrary to expectations based on individual risk factors, we identified a paradox whereby greater country vulnerability is associated with a decreased, rather than increased, risk of PTSD for its citizens.
AbstractList BackgroundDeterminants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood.AimsTo test whether national post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates can be explained by (a) rates of exposure to trauma and (b) countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to adversity.MethodWe collected general population studies on lifetime PTSD and trauma exposure, measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DSM-IV). PTSD prevalence was identified for 24 countries (86 687 respondents) and exposure for 16 countries (53 038 respondents). PTSD was predicted using exposure and vulnerability data.ResultsPTSD is related positively to exposure but negatively to country vulnerability. Together, exposure, vulnerability and their interaction explain approximately 75% of variance in the national prevalence of PTSD.ConclusionsContrary to expectations based on individual risk factors, we identified a paradox whereby greater country vulnerability is associated with a decreased, rather than increased, risk of PTSD for its citizens.
Determinants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood. To test whether national post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates can be explained by (a) rates of exposure to trauma and (b) countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to adversity. We collected general population studies on lifetime PTSD and trauma exposure, measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DSM-IV). PTSD prevalence was identified for 24 countries (86 687 respondents) and exposure for 16 countries (53 038 respondents). PTSD was predicted using exposure and vulnerability data. PTSD is related positively to exposure but negatively to country vulnerability. Together, exposure, vulnerability and their interaction explain approximately 75% of variance in the national prevalence of PTSD. Contrary to expectations based on individual risk factors, we identified a paradox whereby greater country vulnerability is associated with a decreased, rather than increased, risk of PTSD for its citizens.
Background Determinants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood. Aims To test whether national post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates can be explained by (a) rates of exposure to trauma and (b) countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to adversity. Method We collected general population studies on lifetime PTSD and trauma exposure, measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DSM-IV). PTSD prevalence was identified for 24 countries (86 687 respondents) and exposure for 16 countries (53 038 respondents). PTSD was predicted using exposure and vulnerability data. Results PTSD is related positively to exposure but negatively to country vulnerability. Together, exposure, vulnerability and their interaction explain approximately 75% of variance in the national prevalence of PTSD. Conclusions Contrary to expectations based on individual risk factors, we identified a paradox whereby greater country vulnerability is associated with a decreased, rather than increased, risk of PTSD for its citizens.
Author Alisic, Eva
Dückers, Michel L. A.
Brewin, Chris R.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Michel L. A.
  surname: Dückers
  fullname: Dückers, Michel L. A.
  email: m.duckers@nivel.nl
  organization: Impact – National Knowledge and Advice Centre for Psychosocial Care Concerning Critical Incidents, Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, and NIVEL–Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Eva
  surname: Alisic
  fullname: Alisic, Eva
  organization: Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Chris R.
  surname: Brewin
  fullname: Brewin, Chris R.
  organization: Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27445357$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFkU1rFTEUhoNU7G31B7iRgBs3c83nJLMsxapQcGM33YR8nNFcZiZjMlPsv29u71WhoK5yQp4nHN73DJ1MaQKEXlOypbRj791u3rq5znJLVdsy_QxtqFCsoaKVJ2hDCFENZZKcorNSdvXKBVMv0ClTQkgu1QbdXuC7dZggWxeHuNzj2WYb0k8cJ7x8B-xzKqWZ7BLTZAc8Z7izA0wecOrxnMrSLNmuY333uCwZSsEhlpQD5JfoeW-HAq-O5zm6ufrw9fJTc_3l4-fLi-vGC82WpnOEBQmt7i0lrrWcOau98sEpErjUILUl1DPXCwui6x1vKQ9gNZPMC9Lzc_Tu8O-c048VymLGWDwMg50grcVQ3VGt-F77P8paxWnH9-jbJ-gurblmUAzjVLaEKSkr9eZIrW6EYOYcR5vvza-AK0APwGOQGfrfCCVmX6KpJRo311maQ4nVUU8cH5fHBmrWcfinyY-mHV2O4Rv82frv1gOl2bOD
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_2106_JBJS_OA_24_00124
crossref_primary_10_1177_10731911251340221
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2019_031964
crossref_primary_10_4103_indianjpsychiatry_indianjpsychiatry_830_23
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003090
crossref_primary_10_1111_dar_13116
crossref_primary_10_3390_mps6060117
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40596_023_01897_0
crossref_primary_10_1177_00221678221075910
crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2024_2318190
crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_clinpsy_081219_092850
crossref_primary_10_1177_27000710241264492
crossref_primary_10_1192_bjo_2019_62
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2018_01204
crossref_primary_10_1186_s42409_022_00041_2
crossref_primary_10_1111_1468_5973_12183
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13031_024_00586_5
crossref_primary_10_2147_JMDH_S358395
crossref_primary_10_3390_ejihpe14070136
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19137798
crossref_primary_10_1192_bjo_2024_26
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychires_2022_09_047
crossref_primary_10_1002_rhc3_12137
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2018_12_060
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_janxdis_2023_102796
crossref_primary_10_1017_S2045796017000531
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2024_01_094
crossref_primary_10_1093_milmed_usab273
crossref_primary_10_1080_00332747_2017_1385049
crossref_primary_10_1093_eurpub_ckaa244
crossref_primary_10_1192_bjp_209_6_527
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph192114323
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291721002075
crossref_primary_10_2196_38552
crossref_primary_10_1017_S1352465820000478
crossref_primary_10_1002_cpp_2633
crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2025_2458406
crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0041_1727179
crossref_primary_10_4103_ipj_ipj_205_23
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12144_022_04065_z
crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2019_1578637
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpr_2019_101776
crossref_primary_10_1177_0706743719895341
crossref_primary_10_1177_1363461520906005
crossref_primary_10_1192_bjp_2019_41
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nsa_2024_104052
crossref_primary_10_1002_wps_21375
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcn_2019_100709
crossref_primary_10_1192_j_eurpsy_2022_2311
crossref_primary_10_11124_JBISRIR_2017_003523
crossref_primary_10_1192_bjp_209_6_527a
crossref_primary_10_1177_00048674211066764
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_healthpol_2021_04_008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_janxdis_2018_01_005
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph192416836
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnbeh_2023_1244685
crossref_primary_10_1080_02699052_2022_2140833
crossref_primary_10_30820_2752_2121_2025_3_51
crossref_primary_10_1177_0269881119882806
crossref_primary_10_1097_HRP_0000000000000340
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2024_1394014
crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22144
crossref_primary_10_1093_ijnp_pyad046
crossref_primary_10_1177_0886260520926307
crossref_primary_10_15557_PiPK_2023_0021
crossref_primary_10_1080_15614263_2019_1689129
crossref_primary_10_1080_13642537_2025_2503702
crossref_primary_10_1080_23774657_2019_1641765
crossref_primary_10_1177_0004867421998780
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph17051725
crossref_primary_10_1111_sjop_13032
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13643_019_1190_6
crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22173
crossref_primary_10_1007_s41542_019_00045_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_euroneuro_2019_09_242
crossref_primary_10_1192_bjp_2017_8
crossref_primary_10_1097_WNP_0000000000000612
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12207_017_9294_6
crossref_primary_10_1080_13642537_2016_1260615
crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2025_2497167
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpain_2024_104621
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0287854
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2025_1540892
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpr_2025_102621
crossref_primary_10_2147_NDT_S381461
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00420_020_01631_5
crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2020_1818965
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0298385
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00420_021_01708_9
crossref_primary_10_1080_00207411_2020_1781407
Cites_doi 10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00033-3
10.1093/ije/dyu038
10.1056/NEJMra012941
10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.748
10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00463.x
10.1002/jts.20429
10.2105/AJPH.2012.301147
10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52
10.1037/a0014360
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.04.002
10.1017/S1121189X00001421
10.1177/1529100610387086
10.1177/0192513X11412491
10.1186/1756-0500-7-407
10.1002/wps.20150
10.1002/mpr.168
10.1007/s13753-014-0014-5
10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012
10.1371/journal.pone.0080573
10.1007/s10488-015-0671-8
10.1192/bjp.188.5.465
10.2307/2090606
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2016
The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016.
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2016
– notice: The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
0-V
3V.
7QJ
7TK
7XB
88G
88J
8FI
8FJ
8FK
8G5
ABUWG
AFKRA
ALSLI
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
GUQSH
HEHIP
M2M
M2O
M2R
M2S
MBDVC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PKEHL
POGQB
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PRQQA
PSYQQ
Q9U
7X8
DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.176628
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Psychology Database (Alumni)
Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
Research Library Prep
Sociology Collection (OCUL)
Psychology Database
Research Library
Social Science Database
Sociology Database (OCUL)
Research Library (Corporate)
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Sociology & Social Sciences Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
One Social Sciences
ProQuest One Psychology
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
ProQuest One Psychology
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Sociology & Social Sciences Collection
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Social Science Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
Sociology & Social Sciences Collection
Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA)
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Sociology Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Sociology
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest One Social Sciences
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Sociology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Psychology Journals (Alumni)
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Social Science Journals
ProQuest Psychology Journals
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList ProQuest One Psychology
MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic
Neurosciences Abstracts
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
DocumentTitleAlternate Dückers et al
Cross-National Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
EISSN 1472-1465
EndPage 305
ExternalDocumentID 27445357
10_1192_bjp_bp_115_176628
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations Colombia
Netherlands
Romania
Nigeria
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Nigeria
– name: Netherlands
– name: Romania
– name: Colombia
GroupedDBID ---
-~X
.55
.GJ
.XZ
0-V
07C
09C
09E
0R~
123
18M
23N
2WC
354
3O-
3PY
4.4
4VK
53G
5RE
5RS
5VS
6J9
8FI
8FJ
8G5
9M8
AAAZR
AABWE
AAGFV
AAKAS
AANRG
AASVR
AAUKB
AAYJJ
ABBZL
ABGDZ
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABLJU
ABOCM
ABROB
ABUWG
ABVKB
ABXAU
ABZCX
ACDLN
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACNCT
ACPRK
ACQPF
ACUIJ
ACYZP
ACZWT
ADAZD
ADBBV
ADDNB
ADKIL
ADOVH
ADOVT
ADUKH
ADVJH
ADZCM
AEBAK
AEGXH
AEHGV
AENCP
AENEX
AEPLO
AERZD
AEYHU
AFFNX
AFKQG
AFKRA
AFLVW
AFOSN
AFZFC
AGABE
AGJUD
AHIPN
AHQXX
AHRGI
AI.
AIAGR
AIHIV
AIOIP
AJAHB
AJCYY
AJPFC
AKNXQ
AKZCZ
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
ANPSP
AQJOH
ARALO
ARZZG
ASOEW
ATUCA
AYIQA
AZQEC
BAWUL
BBLKV
BCGOX
BENPR
BESQT
BJBOZ
BLZWO
BPHCQ
C45
CCPQU
CCQAD
CCUQV
CFAFE
CFBFF
CGQII
CHEAL
CJCSC
CS3
DIK
DOHLZ
DU5
DWQXO
E3Z
EBS
EGQIC
EJD
EX3
F5P
F9R
FRP
FYUFA
GNUQQ
GUQSH
GX1
H13
HEHIP
HZ~
H~9
IH6
INIJC
IOO
J5H
JHPGK
JVRFK
KCGVB
KFECR
KQ8
L7B
LPU
LW7
M2M
M2O
M2R
M2S
M5~
N4W
NHB
NIKVX
NZEOI
O9-
OFXIZ
OHH
OHT
OK1
OMH
OVD
P2P
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSYQQ
R0Z
RBK
RCA
RHF
RHI
ROL
T9M
TEORI
TR2
TWZ
UKHRP
UPT
V2E
V62
VH1
VVN
W2D
W8F
WFFJZ
WH7
WOQ
WOW
X7M
XSW
YBU
YHG
YKV
YNH
YOC
YR5
Z0I
ZDLDU
ZGI
ZJOSE
ZMEZD
ZXP
AAXMD
AAYXX
ABXHF
ADXHL
AETEA
AFFHD
AKMAY
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
POGQB
PRQQA
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7QJ
7TK
7XB
8FK
MBDVC
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c482t-9b02d5e68fa10b6a32ba8c7cdb70d358e58a01c2bf4ae49fb3613dea8252c40f3
IEDL.DBID M2R
ISICitedReferencesCount 106
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000384966100007&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0007-1250
IngestDate Thu Oct 02 10:59:08 EDT 2025
Thu Oct 02 09:37:23 EDT 2025
Mon Nov 10 07:12:24 EST 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:01:07 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:37:53 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 06:08:30 EST 2025
Tue Jan 21 06:19:12 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Language English
License https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms
The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c482t-9b02d5e68fa10b6a32ba8c7cdb70d358e58a01c2bf4ae49fb3613dea8252c40f3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/44FD260C9AC21868E34F6FC3968421E2/S0007125000245145a.pdf/div-class-title-a-vulnerability-paradox-in-the-cross-national-prevalence-of-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-div.pdf
PMID 27445357
PQID 2315602755
PQPubID 40635
PageCount 6
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1891873361
proquest_miscellaneous_1826731931
proquest_journals_2315602755
pubmed_primary_27445357
crossref_primary_10_1192_bjp_bp_115_176628
crossref_citationtrail_10_1192_bjp_bp_115_176628
cambridge_journals_10_1192_bjp_bp_115_176628
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20161000
2016-10-00
20161001
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2016-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2016
  text: 20161000
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Cambridge, UK
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Cambridge, UK
– name: England
– name: London
PublicationTitle British journal of psychiatry
PublicationTitleAlternate Br J Psychiatry
PublicationYear 2016
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Publisher_xml – name: Cambridge University Press
References Ozer, Best, Lipsey, Weiss (3) 2003; 129
Pescosolido, Medina, Martin, Long (29) 2013; 103
Kessler, Ustun (11) 2004; 13
Frans, Rimmö, Åberg, Fredrikson (16) 2005; 111
Durant (24) 2011; 32
Kleiner, Parker (26) 1963; 28
De Albuquercue, Soares, Martins De Jesus, Alves (15) 2003; 16
Kessler, Rose, Koenen, Karam, Stang, Stein (13) 2014; 13
Elklit, Frandsen (17) 2014; 3
Gureje, Lasebikan, Kola, Makanjuola (28) 2006; 188
Brewin, Holmes (2) 2003; 23
Kessler, Aguilar-Gaxiola, Alonso, Chatterji, Lee, Ormel (21) 2009; 18
Brewin, Andrews, Valentine (1) 2000; 68
Scott, Koenen, Aguilar-Gaxiola, Alonso, Angermeyer, Benjet (12) 2013; 11
Yehuda (4) 2002; 346
Bonanno, Brewin, Kaniasty, La Greca (8) 2010; 11
Burri, Maercker (22) 2014; 7
Dückers, Frerks, Birkmann (23) 2015; 13
Steel, Marnane, Iranpour, Chey, Jackson, Patel (14) 2014; 43
De Vries, Olff (19) 2009; 22
Hobfoll, Palmieri, Robert, Canetti-Nisim, Hall, Galea (9) 2009; 77
Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, Nelson (20) 1995; 52
Heesen, Lorenz, Nagenborg, Wenzel, Voss (30) 2014; 5
S0007125000245145_ref8
S0007125000245145_ref28
S0007125000245145_ref25
S0007125000245145_ref26
S0007125000245145_ref3
S0007125000245145_ref23
S0007125000245145_ref4
S0007125000245145_ref24
S0007125000245145_ref1
S0007125000245145_ref21
De Graaf (S0007125000245145_ref18) 2008
S0007125000245145_ref2
S0007125000245145_ref22
S0007125000245145_ref20
Elklit (S0007125000245145_ref17) 2014; 3
Kessler (S0007125000245145_ref5) 2008
(S0007125000245145_ref10) 1997
S0007125000245145_ref29
S0007125000245145_ref9
(S0007125000245145_ref31) 2012
S0007125000245145_ref16
Janoff-Bulman (S0007125000245145_ref27) 1992
Welle (S0007125000245145_ref7) 2013
S0007125000245145_ref14
Welle (S0007125000245145_ref32) 2012
S0007125000245145_ref12
S0007125000245145_ref13
S0007125000245145_ref11
S0007125000245145_ref30
De Albuquercue (S0007125000245145_ref15) 2003; 16
Cutter (S0007125000245145_ref6) 2008
S0007125000245145_ref19
27908854 - Br J Psychiatry. 2016 Dec;209(6):527
27908855 - Br J Psychiatry. 2016 Dec;209(6):527-528
References_xml – volume: 18
  start-page: 23
  year: 2009
  end-page: 33
  ident: 21
  article-title: The global burden of mental disorders: an update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys
  publication-title: Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc
– volume: 5
  start-page: 74
  year: 2014
  end-page: 85
  ident: 30
  article-title: Blind spots on Achilles' heel: the limitations of vulnerability and resilience mapping in research
  publication-title: Int J Disaster Risk Science
– volume: 13
  year: 2014
  ident: 13
  article-title: How well can post-traumatic stress disorder be predicted from pre-trauma risk factors? An exploratory study in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
  publication-title: World Psychiatry
– volume: 346
  year: 2002
  ident: 4
  article-title: Post-traumatic stress disorder
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
– volume: 129
  start-page: 52
  year: 2003
  end-page: 73
  ident: 3
  article-title: Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis
  publication-title: Psychol Bull
– volume: 77
  year: 2009
  ident: 9
  article-title: Trajectories of resilience, resistance, and distress during ongoing terrorism: the case of Jews and Arabs in Israel
  publication-title: J Consult Clin Psychol
– volume: 188
  year: 2006
  ident: 28
  article-title: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being
  publication-title: Br J Psychiatry
– volume: 23
  start-page: 339
  year: 2003
  end-page: 376
  ident: 2
  article-title: Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder
  publication-title: Clin Psychol Rev
– volume: 43
  year: 2014
  ident: 14
  article-title: The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and metaanalysis 1980-2013
  publication-title: Int J Epidemiol
– volume: 28
  start-page: 169
  year: 1963
  end-page: 203
  ident: 26
  article-title: Goal-striving, social status, and mental disorder: a research review
  publication-title: Am Sociol Rev
– volume: 13
  start-page: 85
  year: 2015
  end-page: 95
  ident: 23
  article-title: Exploring the plexus of context and consequences: an empirical test of a theory of disaster vulnerability
  publication-title: Int J Disaster Risk Red
– volume: 68
  year: 2000
  ident: 1
  article-title: Meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults
  publication-title: J Consult Clin Psychol
– volume: 3
  start-page: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: 17
  article-title: Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress among Danish adolescents
  publication-title: J Trauma Stress Disor Treat
– volume: 103
  year: 2013
  ident: 29
  article-title: The “backbone” of stigma: identifying the global core of public prejudice associated with mental illness
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
– volume: 32
  year: 2011
  ident: 24
  article-title: The utility of vulnerability and social capital theories in studying the impact of hurricane Katrina on the elderly
  publication-title: J Fam Issues
– volume: 13
  start-page: 93
  year: 2004
  end-page: 121
  ident: 11
  article-title: The World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)
  publication-title: Int J Method Psychiatr Res
– volume: 11
  start-page: e80573
  year: 2013
  ident: 12
  article-title: Associations between lifetime traumatic events and subsequent chronic physical conditions: a cross-national, cross-sectional study
  publication-title: PLoS One
– volume: 7
  start-page: 407
  year: 2014
  ident: 22
  article-title: Differences in prevalence rates of PTSD in various European countries explained by war exposure, other trauma and cultural value orientation
  publication-title: BMC Res Notes
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  end-page: 49
  ident: 8
  article-title: Weighing the costs of disaster: consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities
  publication-title: Psychol Sci Public Interest
– volume: 16
  start-page: 309
  year: 2003
  end-page: 320
  ident: 15
  article-title: The epidemiology of PTSD in the adult population in Portugal
  publication-title: Acta Médica Portuguesa
– volume: 111
  year: 2005
  ident: 16
  article-title: Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population
  publication-title: Acta Psychiatr Scand
– volume: 22
  year: 2009
  ident: 19
  article-title: The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands
  publication-title: J Trauma Stress
– volume: 52
  year: 1995
  ident: 20
  article-title: Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
  publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry
– start-page: 11
  volume-title: World Risk Report 2012
  year: 2012
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref32
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref2
  doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00033-3
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref14
  doi: 10.1093/ije/dyu038
– volume-title: Shattered Assumptions: Towards a New Psychology of Trauma.
  year: 1992
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref27
– volume-title: Living with Risk.
  year: 2008
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref6
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref4
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMra012941
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref1
  doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.748
– volume-title: Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (Version 2.1)
  year: 1997
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref10
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref16
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00463.x
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref19
  doi: 10.1002/jts.20429
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref29
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301147
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref3
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref9
  doi: 10.1037/a0014360
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref23
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.04.002
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref21
  doi: 10.1017/S1121189X00001421
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref8
  doi: 10.1177/1529100610387086
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref24
  doi: 10.1177/0192513X11412491
– volume: 16
  start-page: 309
  year: 2003
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref15
  article-title: The epidemiology of PTSD in the adult population in Portugal
  publication-title: Acta Médica Portuguesa
– start-page: 388
  volume-title: The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on The Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
  year: 2008
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref18
– volume-title: The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders.
  year: 2008
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref5
– volume: 3
  start-page: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref17
  article-title: Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress among Danish adolescents
  publication-title: J Trauma Stress Disor Treat
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref22
  doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-407
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref13
  doi: 10.1002/wps.20150
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref11
  doi: 10.1002/mpr.168
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref30
  doi: 10.1007/s13753-014-0014-5
– start-page: 45
  volume-title: World Risk Report 2013
  year: 2013
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref7
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref20
  doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012
– volume-title: Methods Used.
  year: 2012
  ident: S0007125000245145_ref31
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref12
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080573
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref25
  doi: 10.1007/s10488-015-0671-8
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref28
  doi: 10.1192/bjp.188.5.465
– ident: S0007125000245145_ref26
  doi: 10.2307/2090606
– reference: 27908854 - Br J Psychiatry. 2016 Dec;209(6):527
– reference: 27908855 - Br J Psychiatry. 2016 Dec;209(6):527-528
SSID ssj0003427
Score 2.5250208
Snippet Determinants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood. To test whether national post-traumatic stress disorder...
BackgroundDeterminants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood.AimsTo test whether national post-traumatic...
BACKGROUNDDeterminants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood.AIMSTo test whether national post-traumatic...
Background Determinants of cross-national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood. Aims To test whether national post-traumatic...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
cambridge
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 300
SubjectTerms Adversity
Culture
Disasters
Epidemiology
Exposure to Violence - ethnology
Exposure to Violence - statistics & numerical data
Global Health - ethnology
Global Health - statistics & numerical data
Humans
International comparisons
Mental disorders
Mental health care
Polls & surveys
Population studies
Post traumatic stress disorder
Prevalence
Psychiatry
Psychological Trauma - epidemiology
Psychological Trauma - ethnology
Respondents
Risk Factors
Sex crimes
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - ethnology
Trauma
Vulnerability
Title A vulnerability paradox in the cross-national prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder
URI https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007125000245145/type/journal_article
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27445357
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2315602755
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1826731931
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1891873361
Volume 209
WOSCitedRecordID wos000384966100007&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1472-1465
  dateEnd: 20241209
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0003427
  issn: 0007-1250
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20000101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Psychology Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1472-1465
  dateEnd: 20241209
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0003427
  issn: 0007-1250
  databaseCode: M2M
  dateStart: 20000101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/psychology
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Research Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1472-1465
  dateEnd: 20241209
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0003427
  issn: 0007-1250
  databaseCode: M2O
  dateStart: 20000101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Social Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1472-1465
  dateEnd: 20241209
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0003427
  issn: 0007-1250
  databaseCode: M2R
  dateStart: 20000101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/socscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Sociology Database (OCUL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1472-1465
  dateEnd: 20241209
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0003427
  issn: 0007-1250
  databaseCode: M2S
  dateStart: 20000101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sociology
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELZoixAX3oWFsjISJ4RbJ47j-IQKasWBXaoC0opL5KdUVCVhN1vBv2fseLPiwF64RFZiS6OMPfONx_4GoddCK0Wps8QIbknhZUakEo4ID77eMO0yFi8KfxLzebVYyIu04bZKxyo3NjEaatuasEd-AjgEnHMuOH_X_SShalTIrqYSGnvoAICyDLN6ll-OlpgVqWRrIEIEX5-ymgBqTvSP7lh30ObHgSIxFGPfciv87aP-ATyjAzq__7-iP0D3EvTEp8NceYhuueYRujNLyfXH6PspvllfBxbqeGD2Nw604Lb9ha8aDDARR2HJZvcQd8vAFB4MA2497tpVT_qlWkcKWDxcQcE2cXs-Qd_Oz75--EhS6QViiirvidQ0t9yVlVcZ1aViuVaVEcZqQS3jleOVopnJtS-UK6TXDGCBdQrizdwU1LNDtN-0jXuGMM98yUQmAR_LQnmlPWVCaeqFhmCv1BP0dvzxdVpAqzrGJjKvQU-17qDN60FPE0Q3uqlNojEP1TSudw15Mw7pBg6PXZ2PNkrcSrPV4AS9Gj_DQgzZFdW4dg0SQ6AmwKCxbFcfmVWBgBL6PB0m0yhRoGrkjIvnuwV4ge4CZiuH84RHaL9frt1LdNvc9Fer5RTtiUU1RQfvz-YXl9OwGmbx-Tk-hzdf_gAoUROG
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VgigX3o-FAkaCC8KtY8dxckCoAqpW3S4cilT1EmzHllpVSdjNFvqn-I2M89gVB_bWA7dIsaOJPZ75xh5_A_BaGa0ZcwW1ShY09llEM60cVR59vRXGRaK9KDxWk0l6fJx9XYPfw12YkFY52MTWUBeVDXvk24hD0DlzJeWH-gcNVaPC6epQQqNTiwN3-RNDttn7_U84v2843_189HGP9lUFqI1T3tDMMF5Il6ReR8wkWnCjU6tsYRQrhEydTDWLLDc-1i7OvBHo8QqnMZTiNmZe4HevwfU4REIhVZB_WVh-EfclYgPxImKL_hQVQdS2Oau3TI3PcitQMobi70suh7994j-Abuvwdu_8b0N1F2730JrsdGvhHqy58j7cPOyTBx7AyQ65mJ8Hlu02IfiSBNrzovpFTkuCMJi0g0OH3VFSTwMTejB8pPKkrmYNbaZ63lLcku6KDSl67tKH8O1K_uwRrJdV6Z4AkZFPhIoyxP9ZrL02ngmlDfPKYDCbmBG8W0x03huIWd7GXhnPUS9yU-OzzDu9GAEbdCG3PU17qBZyvqrL20WXuuMoWdV4c1CapTRLjRnBq8VrNDTh9EiXrpqjxBiIKjTYIlrVJovSQLCJbR53yruQKFBRSiHV09UCvISNvaPDcT7enxw8g1uIT5Mud3IT1pvp3D2HG_aiOZ1NX7Rrj8D3q9bgPzkPbLo
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VLaq48IYuFDASXBDuJnEcJweECu2KqmW1QiBVvQTbsaVWVRJ2s4X-NX4d48TZFQf21gO3SLGjif15Hvb4G4BXQkkZBKagWvCCxjYLaSaFocKirddMmZC1F4WPxWSSnpxk0w343d-FcWmVvU5sFXVRabdHPkI_BI1zJDgfWZ8WMd0fv69_UFdByp209uU0OogcmaufGL7N3x3u41y_jqLxwdePn6ivMEB1nEYNzVQQFdwkqZVhoBLJIiVTLXShRFAwnhqeyiDUkbKxNHFmFUPrVxiJYVWk48Ay_O4N2BToZMQD2PxwMJl-WdoBFvuCsY6GET0Nf6aKLtVInde7qsZnvusIGl0p-BWzw98W8h9ub2v-xnf-54G7C7e90032ulVyDzZMeR-2Pvu0ggdwukcuFxeOf7tNFb4ijhC9qH6Rs5Kgg0zagaL9vimpZ44j3alEUllSV_OGNjO5aMlvSXf5hhSe1fQhfLuWP3sEg7IqzTYQHtqEiTDDyCCLpZXKBkxIFVihMMxN1BDeLic996pjnrdRWRbliJFc1fjM8w4jQwh6XOTaE7i7OiIX67q8WXapO_aSdY13egCtpFmhZwgvl69RBblzJVmaaoESY4gqUJWzcF2bLEwd9Sa2edwBeSmRI6nkjIsn6wV4AVsI3Pz4cHL0FG6h45p0SZU7MGhmC_MMburL5mw-e-4XIoHv1w3hPxHidtc
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+vulnerability+paradox+in+the+cross-national+prevalence+of+post-traumatic+stress+disorder&rft.jtitle=British+journal+of+psychiatry&rft.au=D%C3%BCckers%2C+Michel+L.+A.&rft.au=Alisic%2C+Eva&rft.au=Brewin%2C+Chris+R.&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.issn=0007-1250&rft.eissn=1472-1465&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=300&rft.epage=305&rft_id=info:doi/10.1192%2Fbjp.bp.115.176628&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1192_bjp_bp_115_176628
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0007-1250&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0007-1250&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0007-1250&client=summon