On the belief that beliefs should change according to evidence: Implications for conspiratorial, moral, paranormal, political, religious, and science beliefs

Does one’s stance toward evidence evaluation and belief revision have relevance for actual beliefs? We investigate the role of endorsing an actively open-minded thinking style about evidence (AOT-E) on a wide range of beliefs, values, and opinions. Participants indicated the extent to which they thi...

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Vydáno v:Judgment and decision making Ročník 15; číslo 4; s. 476 - 498
Hlavní autoři: Pennycook, Gordon, Cheyne, James Allan, Koehler, Derek J., Fugelsang, Jonathan A.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Tallahassee Society for Judgment and Decision Making 01.07.2020
Cambridge University Press
Témata:
actively open-minded thinking
Belief & doubt
belief revision
Climate change
Critical thinking
Liberalism
meta-beliefs
Political aspects
Political parties
Politics
Religion
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United States > US
ISSN:1930-2975, 1930-2975
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Shrnutí:Does one’s stance toward evidence evaluation and belief revision have relevance for actual beliefs? We investigate the role of endorsing an actively open-minded thinking style about evidence (AOT-E) on a wide range of beliefs, values, and opinions. Participants indicated the extent to which they think beliefs (Study 1) or opinions (Studies 2 and 3) ought to change according to evidence on an 8-item scale. Across three studies with 1,692 participants from two different sources (Mechanical Turk and Lucid for Academics), we find that our short AOT-E scale correlates negatively with beliefs about topics ranging from extrasensory perception, to respect for tradition, to abortion, to God; and positively with topics ranging from anthropogenic global warming to support for free speech on college campuses. More broadly, the belief that beliefs should change according to evidence was robustly associated with political liberalism, the rejection of traditional moral values, the acceptance of science, and skepticism about religious, paranormal, and conspiratorial claims. However, we also find that AOT-E is more strongly predictive for political liberals (Democrats) than conservatives (Republicans). We conclude that socio-cognitive theories of belief (both specific and general) should take into account people’s beliefs about when and how beliefs should change – that is, meta-beliefs – but that further work is required to understand how meta-beliefs about evidence interact with political ideology.
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ISSN:1930-2975
1930-2975
DOI:10.1017/S1930297500007439