Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein as an Autoantigen in Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system are caused by an autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath surrounding axons. Myelin structural proteins become antigenic, leading to the development of myelin lesions. The use of highly specialized laboratory diagnostic techniques for identification...

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Vydáno v:Biochemistry (Moscow) Ročník 88; číslo 4; s. 551 - 563
Hlavní autoři: Eliseeva, Daria D., Zakharova, Maria N.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.04.2023
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Témata:
Alternative splicing
Analysis
Antibodies
Antigens
Aquaporins
Autoantibodies
Autoantigens
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmunity
Axons
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Bioorganic Chemistry
Care and treatment
Central Nervous System
Demyelinating diseases
Demyelinating Diseases - diagnosis
Demyelination
Diagnostic systems
Disease
Encephalitis
Encephalomyelitis
Glycoproteins
Humans
Immunofluorescence
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulins
Immunology
Isoforms
Life Sciences
Lymphocytes
Medical research
Microbiology
Myelin
Myelin proteins
Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
Neurological disorders
Oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein
Oligodendroglia
Proteins
Review
Spinal cord
Structural integrity
Structural proteins
Russia
antibodies
alternative splicing
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
demyelinating diseases
ISSN:0006-2979, 1608-3040, 1608-3040
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Shrnutí:Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system are caused by an autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath surrounding axons. Myelin structural proteins become antigenic, leading to the development of myelin lesions. The use of highly specialized laboratory diagnostic techniques for identification of specific antibodies directed against myelin components can significantly improve diagnostic approaches. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) currently includes demyelinating syndromes with known antigens. Based on the demonstrated pathogenic role of human IgG against MOG, MOGAD was classified as a distinct nosological entity. However, generation of multiple MOG isoforms by alternative splicing hinders antigen detection even with the most advanced immunofluorescence techniques. On the other hand, MOG conformational changes ensure the structural integrity of other myelin proteins and maintain human-specific mechanisms of immune autotolerance.
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ISSN:0006-2979
1608-3040
1608-3040
DOI:10.1134/S0006297923040107