Are screening instruments valid for psychotic-like experiences? A validation study of screening questions for psychotic-like experiences using in-depth clinical interview

Individuals who report psychotic-like experiences are at increased risk of future clinical psychotic disorder. They constitute a unique "high-risk" group for studying the developmental trajectory to schizophrenia and related illnesses. Previous research has used screening instruments to id...

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Vydané v:	Schizophrenia bulletin Ročník 37; číslo 2; s. 362
Hlavní autori:	Kelleher, Ian, Harley, Michelle, Murtagh, Aileen, Cannon, Mary
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States 01.03.2011
Predmet:	Adolescent Child Comorbidity Delusions - diagnosis Delusions - psychology Early Diagnosis Female Hallucinations - diagnosis Hallucinations - psychology Humans Interview, Psychological Ireland Male Mass Screening - statistics & numerical data Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - psychology Paranoid Behavior - diagnosis Paranoid Behavior - psychology Psychometrics - statistics & numerical data Psychotic Disorders - diagnosis Psychotic Disorders - psychology Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Risk Assessment - statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires Ireland
ISSN:	1745-1701, 1745-1701
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Abstract	Individuals who report psychotic-like experiences are at increased risk of future clinical psychotic disorder. They constitute a unique "high-risk" group for studying the developmental trajectory to schizophrenia and related illnesses. Previous research has used screening instruments to identify this high-risk group, but the validity of these instruments has not yet been established. We administered a screening questionnaire with 7 items designed to assess psychotic-like experiences to 334 adolescents aged 11-13 years. Detailed clinical interviews were subsequently carried out with a sample of these adolescents. We calculated sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for each screening question for the specific symptom it enquired about and also in relation to any psychotic-like experience. The predictive power varied substantially between items, with the question on auditory hallucinations ("Have you ever heard voices or sounds that no one else can hear?") providing the best predictive power. For interview-verified auditory hallucinations specifically, this question had a PPV of 71.4% and an NPV of 90.4%. When assessed for its predictive power for any psychotic-like experience (including, but not limited to, auditory hallucinations), it provided a PPV of 100% and an NPV of 88.4%. Two further questions-relating to visual hallucinations and paranoid thoughts-also demonstrated good predictive power for psychotic-like experiences. Our results suggest that it may be possible to screen the general adolescent population for psychotic-like experiences with a high degree of accuracy using a short self-report questionnaire.
AbstractList	Individuals who report psychotic-like experiences are at increased risk of future clinical psychotic disorder. They constitute a unique "high-risk" group for studying the developmental trajectory to schizophrenia and related illnesses. Previous research has used screening instruments to identify this high-risk group, but the validity of these instruments has not yet been established. We administered a screening questionnaire with 7 items designed to assess psychotic-like experiences to 334 adolescents aged 11-13 years. Detailed clinical interviews were subsequently carried out with a sample of these adolescents. We calculated sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for each screening question for the specific symptom it enquired about and also in relation to any psychotic-like experience. The predictive power varied substantially between items, with the question on auditory hallucinations ("Have you ever heard voices or sounds that no one else can hear?") providing the best predictive power. For interview-verified auditory hallucinations specifically, this question had a PPV of 71.4% and an NPV of 90.4%. When assessed for its predictive power for any psychotic-like experience (including, but not limited to, auditory hallucinations), it provided a PPV of 100% and an NPV of 88.4%. Two further questions-relating to visual hallucinations and paranoid thoughts-also demonstrated good predictive power for psychotic-like experiences. Our results suggest that it may be possible to screen the general adolescent population for psychotic-like experiences with a high degree of accuracy using a short self-report questionnaire. Individuals who report psychotic-like experiences are at increased risk of future clinical psychotic disorder. They constitute a unique "high-risk" group for studying the developmental trajectory to schizophrenia and related illnesses. Previous research has used screening instruments to identify this high-risk group, but the validity of these instruments has not yet been established. We administered a screening questionnaire with 7 items designed to assess psychotic-like experiences to 334 adolescents aged 11-13 years. Detailed clinical interviews were subsequently carried out with a sample of these adolescents. We calculated sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for each screening question for the specific symptom it enquired about and also in relation to any psychotic-like experience. The predictive power varied substantially between items, with the question on auditory hallucinations ("Have you ever heard voices or sounds that no one else can hear?") providing the best predictive power. For interview-verified auditory hallucinations specifically, this question had a PPV of 71.4% and an NPV of 90.4%. When assessed for its predictive power for any psychotic-like experience (including, but not limited to, auditory hallucinations), it provided a PPV of 100% and an NPV of 88.4%. Two further questions-relating to visual hallucinations and paranoid thoughts-also demonstrated good predictive power for psychotic-like experiences. Our results suggest that it may be possible to screen the general adolescent population for psychotic-like experiences with a high degree of accuracy using a short self-report questionnaire.Individuals who report psychotic-like experiences are at increased risk of future clinical psychotic disorder. They constitute a unique "high-risk" group for studying the developmental trajectory to schizophrenia and related illnesses. Previous research has used screening instruments to identify this high-risk group, but the validity of these instruments has not yet been established. We administered a screening questionnaire with 7 items designed to assess psychotic-like experiences to 334 adolescents aged 11-13 years. Detailed clinical interviews were subsequently carried out with a sample of these adolescents. We calculated sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for each screening question for the specific symptom it enquired about and also in relation to any psychotic-like experience. The predictive power varied substantially between items, with the question on auditory hallucinations ("Have you ever heard voices or sounds that no one else can hear?") providing the best predictive power. For interview-verified auditory hallucinations specifically, this question had a PPV of 71.4% and an NPV of 90.4%. When assessed for its predictive power for any psychotic-like experience (including, but not limited to, auditory hallucinations), it provided a PPV of 100% and an NPV of 88.4%. Two further questions-relating to visual hallucinations and paranoid thoughts-also demonstrated good predictive power for psychotic-like experiences. Our results suggest that it may be possible to screen the general adolescent population for psychotic-like experiences with a high degree of accuracy using a short self-report questionnaire.
Author	Murtagh, Aileen Kelleher, Ian Cannon, Mary Harley, Michelle
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ian surname: Kelleher fullname: Kelleher, Ian organization: Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland – sequence: 2 givenname: Michelle surname: Harley fullname: Harley, Michelle – sequence: 3 givenname: Aileen surname: Murtagh fullname: Murtagh, Aileen – sequence: 4 givenname: Mary surname: Cannon fullname: Cannon, Mary
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19542527$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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References_xml	– reference: 18606047 - Psychol Med. 2009 Feb;39(2):179-95 – reference: 15266199 - J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;43(8):1030-6 – reference: 18757973 - Br J Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;193(3):185-91 – reference: 16303059 - Psychol Med. 2006 Feb;36(2):231-8 – reference: 17097273 - Schizophr Res. 2007 Jan;89(1-3):101-9 – reference: 11824483 - Schizophr Bull. 2001;27(4):563-70 – reference: 11074871 - Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;57(11):1053-8 – reference: 8782287 - Schizophr Bull. 1996;22(2):283-303 – reference: 16004653 - Br J Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;44(Pt 2):181-91 – reference: 12765742 - Schizophr Res. 2003 Jul 1;62(1-2):45-9 – reference: 11866327 - Psychol Med. 2002 Feb;32(2):347-58 – reference: 16738341 - Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;188:519-26 – reference: 17346933 - Schizophr Res. 2007 May;92(1-3):24-31 – reference: 18606046 - Psychol Med. 2009 Apr;39(4):625-34 – reference: 18978317 - Br J Psychiatry. 2008 Nov;193(5):378-82 – reference: 14989404 - Schizophr Bull. 2003;29(4):633-51 – reference: 10978868 - Schizophr Res. 2000 Sep 29;45(1-2):11-20 – reference: 17255119 - Schizophr Bull. 2007 May;33(3):665-72 – reference: 18492660 - Schizophr Bull. 2008 Jul;34(4):591-4 – reference: 17207968 - Schizophr Res. 2007 Feb;90(1-3):130-46 – reference: 18180426 - Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;65(1):28-37 – reference: 19386578 - Schizophr Bull. 2009 Sep;35(5):894-908 – reference: 4015311 - Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985 Jul;42(7):696-702 – reference: 12505135 - Schizophr Res. 2003 Mar 1;60(1):21-32
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Snippet	Individuals who report psychotic-like experiences are at increased risk of future clinical psychotic disorder. They constitute a unique "high-risk" group for...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Child Comorbidity Delusions - diagnosis Delusions - psychology Early Diagnosis Female Hallucinations - diagnosis Hallucinations - psychology Humans Interview, Psychological Ireland Male Mass Screening - statistics & numerical data Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - psychology Paranoid Behavior - diagnosis Paranoid Behavior - psychology Psychometrics - statistics & numerical data Psychotic Disorders - diagnosis Psychotic Disorders - psychology Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Risk Assessment - statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires
Title	Are screening instruments valid for psychotic-like experiences? A validation study of screening questions for psychotic-like experiences using in-depth clinical interview
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