Rad51-mediated replication fork reversal is a global response to genotoxic treatments in human cells

Replication fork reversal protects forks from breakage after poisoning of Topoisomerase 1. We here investigated fork progression and chromosomal breakage in human cells in response to a panel of sublethal genotoxic treatments, using other topoisomerase poisons, DNA synthesis inhibitors, interstrand...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of cell biology Vol. 208; no. 5; p. 563
Main Authors: Zellweger, Ralph, Dalcher, Damian, Mutreja, Karun, Berti, Matteo, Schmid, Jonas A, Herrador, Raquel, Vindigni, Alessandro, Lopes, Massimo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 02.03.2015
Subjects:
Cell Line, Tumor
DNA Damage
DNA Replication
HEK293 Cells
Humans
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - genetics
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - metabolism
Rad51 Recombinase - metabolism
RecQ Helicases - genetics
RecQ Helicases - metabolism
Topoisomerase Inhibitors - toxicity
ISSN:1540-8140, 1540-8140
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Replication fork reversal protects forks from breakage after poisoning of Topoisomerase 1. We here investigated fork progression and chromosomal breakage in human cells in response to a panel of sublethal genotoxic treatments, using other topoisomerase poisons, DNA synthesis inhibitors, interstrand cross-linking inducers, and base-damaging agents. We used electron microscopy to visualize fork architecture under these conditions and analyzed the association of specific molecular features with checkpoint activation. Our data identify replication fork uncoupling and reversal as global responses to genotoxic treatments. Both events are frequent even after mild treatments that do not affect fork integrity, nor activate checkpoints. Fork reversal was found to be dependent on the central homologous recombination factor RAD51, which is consistently present at replication forks independently of their breakage, and to be antagonized by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase/RECQ1-regulated restart. Our work establishes remodeling of uncoupled forks as a pivotal RAD51-regulated response to genotoxic stress in human cells and as a promising target to potentiate cancer chemotherapy.
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ISSN:1540-8140
1540-8140
DOI:10.1083/jcb.201406099