Obesity and cancer

The prevalence of obesity, defined as a BMI of ≥30·0 kg/m2, has increased substantially over previous decades to about 20% in industrialized countries, and a further increase is expected in the future. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor for: post-menopausal breast cance...

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Vydáno v:Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Ročník 67; číslo 2; s. 128 - 145
Hlavní autoři: Pischon, Tobias, Nöthlings, Ute, Boeing, Heiner
Médium: Journal Article Konferenční příspěvek
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.05.2008
Cambridge Univesity Press
Témata:
abdominal fat
adiponectin
Adipose tissue
Bioavailability
Biological and medical sciences
biomarkers
Body fat
Body Mass Index
Breast cancer
Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens
Chronic illnesses
Clinical medicine
Comorbidity
Composition
cytokines
Diet
Disease
disease prevalence
Disease prevention
Endometrial cancer
Esophagus
Europe
Female
Foods and miscellaneous
Growth factors
Health risks
Hormones
Human subjects
Humans
hyperinsulinemia
inflammation
insulin resistance
insulin-like growth factor I
insulin-like growth factor II
leptin
Male
Medical sciences
Metabolic diseases
Mortality
neoplasms
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - etiology
Nutrition
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - epidemiology
Older people
Risk assessment
Risk Factors
Steroid hormones
Studies
Systematic review
Tumors
Waist-Hip Ratio
Womens health
Europe
Obesity
Body fat distribution
Cancer site
Cancer risk
Human
Prevalence
Adipose tissue
Pathophysiology
Nutrition disorder
Malignant tumor
Body composition
Body mass index
Concomitant disease
Distribution
Risk factor
Nutritional status
Cancer
ISSN:0029-6651, 1475-2719
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Shrnutí:The prevalence of obesity, defined as a BMI of ≥30·0 kg/m2, has increased substantially over previous decades to about 20% in industrialized countries, and a further increase is expected in the future. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor for: post-menopausal breast cancer; cancers of the endometrium, colon and kidney; malignant adenomas of the oesophagus. Obese subjects have an approximately 1·5–3·5-fold increased risk of developing these cancers compared with normal-weight subjects, and it has been estimated that between 15 and 45% of these cancers can be attributed to overweight (BMI 25·0–29·9 kg/m2) and obesity in Europe. More recent studies suggest that obesity may also increase the risk of other types of cancer, including pancreatic, hepatic and gallbladder cancer. The underlying mechanisms for the increased cancer risk as a result of obesity are unclear and may vary by cancer site and also depend on the distribution of body fat. Thus, abdominal obesity as defined by waist circumference or waist:hip ratio has been shown to be more strongly related to certain cancer types than obesity as defined by BMI. Possible mechanisms that relate obesity to cancer risk include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinaemia, increased production of insulin-like growth factors or increased bioavailability of steroid hormones. Recent research also suggests that adipose tissue-derived hormones and cytokines (adipokines), such as leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumourigenesis.
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ISSN:0029-6651
1475-2719
DOI:10.1017/S0029665108006976