Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay?

Heavy metals are common in our environment, and all individuals are exposed to them to some extent. These toxic metals have several harmful effects on the body, including the kidney, which is a very sensitive organ. Indeed, heavy metal exposure has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 6; p. 5315
Main Authors: Rawee, Pien, Kremer, Daan, Nolte, Ilja M., Leuvenink, Henri G. D., Touw, Daan J., De Borst, Martin H., Bakker, Stephan J. L., Hanudel, Mark R., Eisenga, Michele F.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10.03.2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chronic kidney failure
Development and progression
Disease
Food
Heavy Metal Poisoning
Heavy metals
Humans
Hypothesis
Iron
Iron Deficiencies
Kidneys
Lead content
Meta-analysis
Metals, Heavy - toxicity
Nickel
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - chemically induced
Toxicity
Netherlands
chronic kidney disease
iron deficiency
nephrotoxic
heavy metals
metal transporters
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Heavy metals are common in our environment, and all individuals are exposed to them to some extent. These toxic metals have several harmful effects on the body, including the kidney, which is a very sensitive organ. Indeed, heavy metal exposure has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression, which may be explained by the well-established nephrotoxic effects of these metals. In this hypothesis and narrative literature review, we will shed light on the potential role that another highly common problem in patients with CKD, iron deficiency, may play in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in this patient group. Iron deficiency has previously been linked with an increased uptake of heavy metals in the intestine due to the upregulation of iron receptors that also take up other metals. Furthermore, recent research suggests a role of iron deficiency in the retention of heavy metals in the kidney. Therefore, we hypothesize that iron deficiency plays a crucial role in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in patients with CKD and that iron supplementation might be a strategy to combat these detrimental processes.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24065315