The 2015–2016 carbon cycle as seen from OCO-2 and the global in situ network

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle through the use of top-down atmospheric inversion methods combined with column average CO2 retrievals. We employ a large ensemble of atmospheri...

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Vydáno v:Atmospheric chemistry and physics Ročník 19; číslo 15; s. 9797 - 9831
Hlavní autoři: Crowell, Sean, Baker, David, Schuh, Andrew, Basu, Sourish, Jacobson, Andrew R., Chevallier, Frederic, Liu, Junjie, Deng, Feng, Feng, Liang, McKain, Kathryn, Chatterjee, Abhishek, Miller, John B., Stephens, Britton B., Eldering, Annmarie, Crisp, David, Schimel, David, Nassar, Ray, O'Dell, Christopher W., Oda, Tomohiro, Sweeney, Colm, Palmer, Paul I., Jones, Dylan B. A.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 02.08.2019
European Geosciences Union
Copernicus Publications
Témata:
Airborne observation
Aircraft observations
Atmospheric models
Carbon
Carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide
Carbon sinks
Constraints
Continental interfaces, environment
Data assimilation
Data collection
El Nino
El Nino phenomena
Fluxes
In situ measurement
Inversions
Ocean, Atmosphere
Perturbation
Satellite observation
Satellites
Sciences of the Universe
Tropical climate
Tropical environments
ISSN:1680-7324, 1680-7316, 1680-7324
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Abstract The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle through the use of top-down atmospheric inversion methods combined with column average CO2 retrievals. We employ a large ensemble of atmospheric inversions utilizing different transport models, data assimilation techniques, and prior flux distributions in order to quantify the satellite-informed fluxes from OCO-2 Version 7r land observations and their uncertainties at continental scales. Additionally, we use in situ measurements to provide a baseline against which to compare the satellite-constrained results. We find that within the ensemble spread, in situ observations, and satellite retrievals constrain a similar global total carbon sink of 3.7±0.5 PgC yr−1, and 1.5±0.6 PgC yr−1 for global land, for the 2015–2016 annual mean. This agreement breaks down in smaller regions, and we discuss the differences between the experiments. Of particular interest is the difference between the different assimilation constraints in the tropics, with the largest differences occurring in tropical Africa, which could be an indication of the global perturbation from the 2015–2016 El Niño. Evaluation of posterior concentrations using TCCON and aircraft observations gives some limited insight into the quality of the different assimilation constraints, but the lack of such data in the tropics inhibits our ability to make strong conclusions there.
AbstractList The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle through the use of top-down atmospheric inversion methods combined with column average CO2 retrievals. We employ a large ensemble of atmospheric inversions utilizing different transport models, data assimilation techniques, and prior flux distributions in order to quantify the satellite-informed fluxes from OCO-2 Version 7r land observations and their uncertainties at continental scales. Additionally, we use in situ measurements to provide a baseline against which to compare the satellite-constrained results. We find that within the ensemble spread, in situ observations, and satellite retrievals constrain a similar global total carbon sink of 3.7±0.5 PgC yr−1, and 1.5±0.6 PgC yr−1 for global land, for the 2015–2016 annual mean. This agreement breaks down in smaller regions, and we discuss the differences between the experiments. Of particular interest is the difference between the different assimilation constraints in the tropics, with the largest differences occurring in tropical Africa, which could be an indication of the global perturbation from the 2015–2016 El Niño. Evaluation of posterior concentrations using TCCON and aircraft observations gives some limited insight into the quality of the different assimilation constraints, but the lack of such data in the tropics inhibits our ability to make strong conclusions there.
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle through the use of top-down atmospheric inversion methods combined with column average CO 2 retrievals. We employ a large ensemble of atmospheric inversions utilizing different transport models, data assimilation techniques, and prior flux distributions in order to quantify the satellite-informed fluxes from OCO-2 Version 7r land observations and their uncertainties at continental scales. Additionally, we use in situ measurements to provide a baseline against which to compare the satellite-constrained results. We find that within the ensemble spread, in situ observations, and satellite retrievals constrain a similar global total carbon sink of 3.7 ± 0.5 PgC yr −1 , and 1.5±0.6 PgC yr −1 for global land, for the 2015-2016 annual mean. This agreement breaks down in smaller regions, and we discuss the differences between the experiments. Of particular interest is the difference between the different assimilation constraints in the tropics, with the largest differences occurring in tropical Africa, which could be an indication of the global perturbation from the 2015-2016 El Niño. Evaluation of posterior concentrations using TCCON and aircraft observations gives some limited insight into the quality of the different assimilation constraints, but the lack of such data in the tropics inhibits our ability to make strong conclusions there. Copyright statement. The works published in this journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This license does not affect the Crown copyright work, which is re-usable under the Open Government Licence (OGL). The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License and the OGL are interoperable and do not conflict with, reduce or limit each other. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 9798 S. Crowell et al.: The 2015-2016 carbon cycle as seen from OCO-2 and the global in situ network
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle through the use of top-down atmospheric inversion methods combined with column average CO2 retrievals. We employ a large ensemble of atmospheric inversions utilizing different transport models, data assimilation techniques, and prior flux distributions in order to quantify the satellite-informed fluxes from OCO-2 Version 7r land observations and their uncertainties at continental scales. Additionally, we use in situ measurements to provide a baseline against which to compare the satellite-constrained results. We find that within the ensemble spread, in situ observations, and satellite retrievals constrain a similar global total carbon sink of 3.7±0.5  PgC yr −1 , and 1.5±0.6  PgC yr −1 for global land, for the 2015–2016 annual mean. This agreement breaks down in smaller regions, and we discuss the differences between the experiments. Of particular interest is the difference between the different assimilation constraints in the tropics, with the largest differences occurring in tropical Africa, which could be an indication of the global perturbation from the 2015–2016 El Niño. Evaluation of posterior concentrations using TCCON and aircraft observations gives some limited insight into the quality of the different assimilation constraints, but the lack of such data in the tropics inhibits our ability to make strong conclusions there.
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle through the use of top-down atmospheric inversion methods combined with column average CO2 retrievals. We employ a large ensemble of atmospheric inversions utilizing different transport models, data assimilation techniques, and prior flux distributions in order to quantify the satellite-informed fluxes from OCO-2 Version 7r land observations and their uncertainties at continental scales. Additionally, we use in situ measurements to provide a baseline against which to compare the satellite-constrained results. We find that within the ensemble spread, in situ observations, and satellite retrievals constrain a similar global total carbon sink of 3.7±0.5 PgC yr-1, and 1.5±0.6 PgC yr-1 for global land, for the 2015–2016 annual mean. This agreement breaks down in smaller regions, and we discuss the differences between the experiments. Of particular interest is the difference between the different assimilation constraints in the tropics, with the largest differences occurring in tropical Africa, which could be an indication of the global perturbation from the 2015–2016 El Niño. Evaluation of posterior concentrations using TCCON and aircraft observations gives some limited insight into the quality of the different assimilation constraints, but the lack of such data in the tropics inhibits our ability to make strong conclusions there.
Author Chevallier, Frederic
Feng, Liang
Baker, David
Stephens, Britton B.
Jones, Dylan B. A.
Miller, John B.
Eldering, Annmarie
O'Dell, Christopher W.
McKain, Kathryn
Chatterjee, Abhishek
Basu, Sourish
Crowell, Sean
Schimel, David
Sweeney, Colm
Oda, Tomohiro
Deng, Feng
Crisp, David
Nassar, Ray
Schuh, Andrew
Palmer, Paul I.
Liu, Junjie
Jacobson, Andrew R.
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BackLink https://hal.science/hal-02863513$$DView record in HAL
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Snippet The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle...
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 has been on orbit since 2014, and its global coverage holds the potential to reveal new information about the carbon cycle...
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SubjectTerms Airborne observation
Aircraft observations
Atmospheric models
Carbon
Carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide
Carbon sinks
Constraints
Continental interfaces, environment
Data assimilation
Data collection
El Nino
El Nino phenomena
Fluxes
In situ measurement
Inversions
Ocean, Atmosphere
Perturbation
Satellite observation
Satellites
Sciences of the Universe
Tropical climate
Tropical environments
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Title The 2015–2016 carbon cycle as seen from OCO-2 and the global in situ network
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