Diversification of mammalian deltaviruses by host shifting

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an unusual RNA agent that replicates using host machinery but exploits hepatitis B virus (HBV) to mobilize its spread within and between hosts. In doing so, HDV enhances the virulence of HBV. How this seemingly improbable hyperparasitic lifestyle emerged is unknown, bu...

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Vydáno v:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Ročník 118; číslo 3
Hlavní autoři: Bergner, Laura M, Orton, Richard J, Broos, Alice, Tello, Carlos, Becker, Daniel J, Carrera, Jorge E, Patel, Arvind H, Biek, Roman, Streicker, Daniel G
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States 19.01.2021
Témata:
Animals
Chiroptera - virology
Disease Transmission, Infectious
Genetic Variation - genetics
Genome, Viral - genetics
Hepatitis B - genetics
Hepatitis B - transmission
Hepatitis B - virology
Hepatitis B virus - genetics
Hepatitis B virus - pathogenicity
Hepatitis D - genetics
Hepatitis D - transmission
Hepatitis D - virology
Hepatitis Delta Virus - genetics
Hepatitis Delta Virus - pathogenicity
Host Specificity - genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics
Humans
Mammals - virology
Phylogeny
Rodentia - virology
Satellite Viruses - genetics
Satellite Viruses - pathogenicity
satellite virus
host shifting
zoonosis
hepatitis delta virus
ISSN:1091-6490, 1091-6490
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Shrnutí:Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an unusual RNA agent that replicates using host machinery but exploits hepatitis B virus (HBV) to mobilize its spread within and between hosts. In doing so, HDV enhances the virulence of HBV. How this seemingly improbable hyperparasitic lifestyle emerged is unknown, but it underpins the likelihood that HDV and related deltaviruses may alter other host-virus interactions. Here, we show that deltaviruses diversify by transmitting between mammalian species. Among 96,695 RNA sequence datasets, deltaviruses infected bats, rodents, and an artiodactyl from the Americas but were absent from geographically overrepresented Old World representatives of each mammalian order, suggesting a relatively recent diversification within the Americas. Consistent with diversification by host shifting, both bat and rodent-infecting deltaviruses were paraphyletic, and coevolutionary modeling rejected cospeciation with mammalian hosts. In addition, a 2-y field study showed common vampire bats in Peru were infected by two divergent deltaviruses, indicating multiple introductions to a single host species. One vampire bat-associated deltavirus was detected in the saliva of up to 35% of individuals, formed phylogeographically compartmentalized clades, and infected a sympatric bat, illustrating horizontal transmission within and between species on ecological timescales. Consistent absence of HBV-like viruses in two deltavirus-infected bat species indicated acquisitions of novel viral associations during the divergence of bat and human-infecting deltaviruses. Our analyses support an American zoonotic origin of HDV and reveal prospects for future cross-species emergence of deltaviruses. Given their peculiar life history, deltavirus host shifts will have different constraints and disease outcomes compared to ordinary animal pathogens.
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ISSN:1091-6490
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2019907118