The causes, impacts and countermeasures of COVID-19 “Infodemic”: A systematic review using narrative synthesis

An unprecedented infodemic has been witnessed to create massive damage to human society. However, it was not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize the existing literature on the causes and impacts of COVID-19 infodemic; (2) summarize the proposed strategies to fight...

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Published in:Information processing & management Vol. 58; no. 6; p. 102713
Main Authors: Pian, Wenjing, Chi, Jianxing, Ma, Feicheng
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2021
Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects:
Anxiety
Cause
Causes
Consumer health information
Coronaviruses
Countermeasure strategy
COVID-19
COVID-19 Infodemic
Disease transmission
Health education
Health information
Health information needs/seeking
Health services
Language usage
Literacy
Literature
Mass media
Mass media effects
Mental health
Meta-analysis
Pandemics
Psychological distress
Risk assessment
Risk communication
Rumor
Social media
Social networks
Systematic review
Countermeasure strategy
Health information needs/seeking
Risk communication
COVID-19 Infodemic
Cause
Rumor
ISSN:0306-4573, 1873-5371, 0306-4573
Online Access:Get full text
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Abstract An unprecedented infodemic has been witnessed to create massive damage to human society. However, it was not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize the existing literature on the causes and impacts of COVID-19 infodemic; (2) summarize the proposed strategies to fight with COVID-19 infodemic; and (3) identify the directions for future research. A systematic literature search following the PRISMA guideline covering 12 scholarly databases was conducted to retrieve various types of peer-reviewed articles that reported causes, impacts, or countermeasures of the infodemic. Empirical studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. A coding theme was iteratively developed to categorize the causes, impacts, and countermeasures found from the included studies. Social media usage, low level of health/eHealth literacy, and fast publication process and preprint service are identified as the major causes of the infodemic. Besides, the vicious circle of human rumor-spreading behavior and the psychological issues from the public (e.g., anxiety, distress, fear) emerges as the characteristic of the infodemic. Comprehensive lists of countermeasures are summarized from different perspectives, among which risk communication and consumer health information need/seeking are of particular importance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and future research directions are suggested.
AbstractList An unprecedented infodemic has been witnessed to create massive damage to human society. However, it was not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize the existing literature on the causes and impacts of COVID-19 infodemic; (2) summarize the proposed strategies to fight with COVID-19 infodemic; and (3) identify the directions for future research. A systematic literature search following the PRISMA guideline covering 12 scholarly databases was conducted to retrieve various types of peer-reviewed articles that reported causes, impacts, or countermeasures of the infodemic. Empirical studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. A coding theme was iteratively developed to categorize the causes, impacts, and countermeasures found from the included studies. Social media usage, low level of health/eHealth literacy, and fast publication process and preprint service are identified as the major causes of the infodemic. Besides, the vicious circle of human rumor-spreading behavior and the psychological issues from the public (e.g., anxiety, distress, fear) emerges as the characteristic of the infodemic. Comprehensive lists of countermeasures are summarized from different perspectives, among which risk communication and consumer health information need/seeking are of particular importance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and future research directions are suggested.An unprecedented infodemic has been witnessed to create massive damage to human society. However, it was not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize the existing literature on the causes and impacts of COVID-19 infodemic; (2) summarize the proposed strategies to fight with COVID-19 infodemic; and (3) identify the directions for future research. A systematic literature search following the PRISMA guideline covering 12 scholarly databases was conducted to retrieve various types of peer-reviewed articles that reported causes, impacts, or countermeasures of the infodemic. Empirical studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. A coding theme was iteratively developed to categorize the causes, impacts, and countermeasures found from the included studies. Social media usage, low level of health/eHealth literacy, and fast publication process and preprint service are identified as the major causes of the infodemic. Besides, the vicious circle of human rumor-spreading behavior and the psychological issues from the public (e.g., anxiety, distress, fear) emerges as the characteristic of the infodemic. Comprehensive lists of countermeasures are summarized from different perspectives, among which risk communication and consumer health information need/seeking are of particular importance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and future research directions are suggested.
An unprecedented infodemic has been witnessed to create massive damage to human society. However, it was not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize the existing literature on the causes and impacts of COVID-19 infodemic; (2) summarize the proposed strategies to fight with COVID-19 infodemic; and (3) identify the directions for future research. A systematic literature search following the PRISMA guideline covering 12 scholarly databases was conducted to retrieve various types of peer-reviewed articles that reported causes, impacts, or countermeasures of the infodemic. Empirical studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. A coding theme was iteratively developed to categorize the causes, impacts, and countermeasures found from the included studies. Social media usage, low level of health/eHealth literacy, and fast publication process and preprint service are identified as the major causes of the infodemic. Besides, the vicious circle of human rumor-spreading behavior and the psychological issues from the public (e.g., anxiety, distress, fear) emerges as the characteristic of the infodemic. Comprehensive lists of countermeasures are summarized from different perspectives, among which risk communication and consumer health information need/seeking are of particular importance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and future research directions are suggested.
ArticleNumber 102713
Author Chi, Jianxing
Pian, Wenjing
Ma, Feicheng
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Wenjing
  surname: Pian
  fullname: Pian, Wenjing
  organization: School of Economics & Management, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Qishan Campus, Fuzhou City 350116
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jianxing
  surname: Chi
  fullname: Chi, Jianxing
  email: chijx@fjnu.edu.cn
  organization: School of Communication, Fujian Normal University, 1 Keji Road, Qishan Campus, Fuzhou City, 350117, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Feicheng
  surname: Ma
  fullname: Ma, Feicheng
  email: fchma@whu.edu.cn
  organization: Center for Studies of Information Resources, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan City 430072, China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34720340$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN 0306-4573
IngestDate Tue Sep 30 15:46:07 EDT 2025
Sun Sep 28 02:50:26 EDT 2025
Fri Nov 14 18:40:44 EST 2025
Mon Jul 21 06:06:10 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:21:25 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:55:38 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:47:36 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
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IsScholarly true
Issue 6
Keywords Countermeasure strategy
Health information needs/seeking
Risk communication
COVID-19 Infodemic
Cause
Rumor
Language English
License 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
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Snippet An unprecedented infodemic has been witnessed to create massive damage to human society. However, it was not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review...
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StartPage 102713
SubjectTerms Anxiety
Cause
Causes
Consumer health information
Coronaviruses
Countermeasure strategy
COVID-19
COVID-19 Infodemic
Disease transmission
Health education
Health information
Health information needs/seeking
Health services
Language usage
Literacy
Literature
Mass media
Mass media effects
Mental health
Meta-analysis
Pandemics
Psychological distress
Risk assessment
Risk communication
Rumor
Social media
Social networks
Systematic review
Title The causes, impacts and countermeasures of COVID-19 “Infodemic”: A systematic review using narrative synthesis
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102713
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34720340
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2593194599
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2591223347
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8545871
Volume 58
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