Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention

The use of synthetic, natural, or biological agents to minimize the occurrence of cancer in healthy individuals is defined as cancer chemoprevention. Chemopreventive agents inhibit the development of cancer either by impeding DNA damage, which leads to malignancy or by reversing or blocking the divi...

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Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 20; p. 4981
Main Authors:	Ranjan, Alok, Ramachandran, Sharavan, Gupta, Nehal, Kaushik, Itishree, Wright, Stephen, Srivastava, Suyash, Das, Hiranmoy, Srivastava, Sangeeta, Prasad, Sahdeo, Srivastava, Sanjay K.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 09.10.2019 MDPI
Subjects:	Animals Anticarcinogenic Agents - chemistry Anticarcinogenic Agents - pharmacology Chemoprevention Colorectal cancer Humans Kinases Neoplasms - etiology Neoplasms - prevention & control Ovarian cancer Phytochemicals Phytochemicals - chemistry Phytochemicals - pharmacology Review Structure-Activity Relationship Tea catechins chemoprevention phenethyl isothiocyanate isoflavones lycopene capsaicin cucurbitacin B benzyl isothiocyanate piperlongumine
ISSN:	1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	The use of synthetic, natural, or biological agents to minimize the occurrence of cancer in healthy individuals is defined as cancer chemoprevention. Chemopreventive agents inhibit the development of cancer either by impeding DNA damage, which leads to malignancy or by reversing or blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. The benefit of this approach has been demonstrated in clinical trials of breast, prostate, and colon cancer. The continuous increase in cancer cases, failure of conventional chemotherapies to control cancer, and excessive toxicity of chemotherapies clearly demand an alternative approach. The first trial to show benefit of chemoprevention was undertaken in breast cancer patients with the use of tamoxifen, which demonstrated a significant decrease in invasive breast cancer. The success of using chemopreventive agents for protecting the high risk populations from cancer indicates that the strategy is rational and promising. Dietary components such as capsaicin, cucurbitacin B, isoflavones, catechins, lycopenes, benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and piperlongumine have demonstrated inhibitory effects on cancer cells indicating that they may serve as chemopreventive agents. In this review, we have addressed the mechanism of chemopreventive and anticancer effects of several natural agents.
AbstractList	The use of synthetic, natural, or biological agents to minimize the occurrence of cancer in healthy individuals is defined as cancer chemoprevention. Chemopreventive agents inhibit the development of cancer either by impeding DNA damage, which leads to malignancy or by reversing or blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. The benefit of this approach has been demonstrated in clinical trials of breast, prostate, and colon cancer. The continuous increase in cancer cases, failure of conventional chemotherapies to control cancer, and excessive toxicity of chemotherapies clearly demand an alternative approach. The first trial to show benefit of chemoprevention was undertaken in breast cancer patients with the use of tamoxifen, which demonstrated a significant decrease in invasive breast cancer. The success of using chemopreventive agents for protecting the high risk populations from cancer indicates that the strategy is rational and promising. Dietary components such as capsaicin, cucurbitacin B, isoflavones, catechins, lycopenes, benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and piperlongumine have demonstrated inhibitory effects on cancer cells indicating that they may serve as chemopreventive agents. In this review, we have addressed the mechanism of chemopreventive and anticancer effects of several natural agents. The use of synthetic, natural, or biological agents to minimize the occurrence of cancer in healthy individuals is defined as cancer chemoprevention. Chemopreventive agents inhibit the development of cancer either by impeding DNA damage, which leads to malignancy or by reversing or blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. The benefit of this approach has been demonstrated in clinical trials of breast, prostate, and colon cancer. The continuous increase in cancer cases, failure of conventional chemotherapies to control cancer, and excessive toxicity of chemotherapies clearly demand an alternative approach. The first trial to show benefit of chemoprevention was undertaken in breast cancer patients with the use of tamoxifen, which demonstrated a significant decrease in invasive breast cancer. The success of using chemopreventive agents for protecting the high risk populations from cancer indicates that the strategy is rational and promising. Dietary components such as capsaicin, cucurbitacin B, isoflavones, catechins, lycopenes, benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and piperlongumine have demonstrated inhibitory effects on cancer cells indicating that they may serve as chemopreventive agents. In this review, we have addressed the mechanism of chemopreventive and anticancer effects of several natural agents.The use of synthetic, natural, or biological agents to minimize the occurrence of cancer in healthy individuals is defined as cancer chemoprevention. Chemopreventive agents inhibit the development of cancer either by impeding DNA damage, which leads to malignancy or by reversing or blocking the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage. The benefit of this approach has been demonstrated in clinical trials of breast, prostate, and colon cancer. The continuous increase in cancer cases, failure of conventional chemotherapies to control cancer, and excessive toxicity of chemotherapies clearly demand an alternative approach. The first trial to show benefit of chemoprevention was undertaken in breast cancer patients with the use of tamoxifen, which demonstrated a significant decrease in invasive breast cancer. The success of using chemopreventive agents for protecting the high risk populations from cancer indicates that the strategy is rational and promising. Dietary components such as capsaicin, cucurbitacin B, isoflavones, catechins, lycopenes, benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and piperlongumine have demonstrated inhibitory effects on cancer cells indicating that they may serve as chemopreventive agents. In this review, we have addressed the mechanism of chemopreventive and anticancer effects of several natural agents.
Author	Ramachandran, Sharavan Gupta, Nehal Kaushik, Itishree Wright, Stephen Srivastava, Sanjay K. Srivastava, Sangeeta Prasad, Sahdeo Ranjan, Alok Srivastava, Suyash Das, Hiranmoy
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; alok.ranjan@nih.gov (A.R.); sharvan.ramachandran@ttuhsc.edu (S.R.); nehal.gupta@ttuhsc.edu (N.G.); i.kaushik@ttuhsc.edu (I.K.); stephen.wright@ttuhsc.edu (S.W.); suyash.srivastava17@gmail.com (S.S.); hiranmoy.das@ttuhsc.edu (H.D.) 2 Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; sahdeo.prasad@ttuhsc.edu 4 Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Lucknow, UP 226007, India; sangeetas.lu@gmail.com 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; sahdeo.prasad@ttuhsc.edu – name: 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA – name: 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; alok.ranjan@nih.gov (A.R.); sharvan.ramachandran@ttuhsc.edu (S.R.); nehal.gupta@ttuhsc.edu (N.G.); i.kaushik@ttuhsc.edu (I.K.); stephen.wright@ttuhsc.edu (S.W.); suyash.srivastava17@gmail.com (S.S.); hiranmoy.das@ttuhsc.edu (H.D.) – name: 4 Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Lucknow, UP 226007, India; sangeetas.lu@gmail.com
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Alok surname: Ranjan fullname: Ranjan, Alok – sequence: 2 givenname: Sharavan surname: Ramachandran fullname: Ramachandran, Sharavan – sequence: 3 givenname: Nehal surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Nehal – sequence: 4 givenname: Itishree surname: Kaushik fullname: Kaushik, Itishree – sequence: 5 givenname: Stephen surname: Wright fullname: Wright, Stephen – sequence: 6 givenname: Suyash surname: Srivastava fullname: Srivastava, Suyash – sequence: 7 givenname: Hiranmoy orcidid: 0000-0002-3343-0096 surname: Das fullname: Das, Hiranmoy – sequence: 8 givenname: Sangeeta surname: Srivastava fullname: Srivastava, Sangeeta – sequence: 9 givenname: Sahdeo surname: Prasad fullname: Prasad, Sahdeo – sequence: 10 givenname: Sanjay K. surname: Srivastava fullname: Srivastava, Sanjay K.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31600949$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The use of synthetic, natural, or biological agents to minimize the occurrence of cancer in healthy individuals is defined as cancer chemoprevention....
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SubjectTerms	Animals Anticarcinogenic Agents - chemistry Anticarcinogenic Agents - pharmacology Chemoprevention Colorectal cancer Humans Kinases Neoplasms - etiology Neoplasms - prevention & control Ovarian cancer Phytochemicals Phytochemicals - chemistry Phytochemicals - pharmacology Review Structure-Activity Relationship Tea
Title	Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention
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