Dynamics of aboveground phytomass of the circumpolar Arctic tundra during the past three decades

Numerous studies have evaluated the dynamics of Arctic tundra vegetation throughout the past few decades, using remotely sensed proxies of vegetation, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). While extremely useful, these coarse-scale satellite-derived measurements give us minimal...

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Vydané v:	Environmental research letters Ročník 7; číslo 1; s. 15506 - 12
Hlavní autori:	Epstein, Howard E, Raynolds, Martha K, Walker, Donald A, Bhatt, Uma S, Tucker, Compton J, Pinzon, Jorge E
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	IOP Publishing 01.01.2012
Predmet:	Arctic tundra circumpolar NDVI remote sensing spatial and temporal dynamics vegetation biomass PN, Arctic
ISSN:	1748-9326, 1748-9326
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Abstract	Numerous studies have evaluated the dynamics of Arctic tundra vegetation throughout the past few decades, using remotely sensed proxies of vegetation, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). While extremely useful, these coarse-scale satellite-derived measurements give us minimal information with regard to how these changes are being expressed on the ground, in terms of tundra structure and function. In this analysis, we used a strong regression model between NDVI and aboveground tundra phytomass, developed from extensive field-harvested measurements of vegetation biomass, to estimate the biomass dynamics of the circumpolar Arctic tundra over the period of continuous satellite records (1982-2010). We found that the southernmost tundra subzones (C-E) dominate the increases in biomass, ranging from 20 to 26%, although there was a high degree of heterogeneity across regions, floristic provinces, and vegetation types. The estimated increase in carbon of the aboveground live vegetation of 0.40 Pg C over the past three decades is substantial, although quite small relative to anthropogenic C emissions. However, a 19.8% average increase in aboveground biomass has major implications for nearly all aspects of tundra ecosystems including hydrology, active layer depths, permafrost regimes, wildlife and human use of Arctic landscapes. While spatially extensive on-the-ground measurements of tundra biomass were conducted in the development of this analysis, validation is still impossible without more repeated, long-term monitoring of Arctic tundra biomass in the field.
AbstractList	Numerous studies have evaluated the dynamics of Arctic tundra vegetation throughout the past few decades, using remotely sensed proxies of vegetation, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). While extremely useful, these coarse-scale satellite-derived measurements give us minimal information with regard to how these changes are being expressed on the ground, in terms of tundra structure and function. In this analysis, we used a strong regression model between NDVI and aboveground tundra phytomass, developed from extensive field-harvested measurements of vegetation biomass, to estimate the biomass dynamics of the circumpolar Arctic tundra over the period of continuous satellite records (1982-2010). We found that the southernmost tundra subzones (C-E) dominate the increases in biomass, ranging from 20 to 26%, although there was a high degree of heterogeneity across regions, floristic provinces, and vegetation types. The estimated increase in carbon of the aboveground live vegetation of 0.40 Pg C over the past three decades is substantial, although quite small relative to anthropogenic C emissions. However, a 19.8% average increase in aboveground biomass has major implications for nearly all aspects of tundra ecosystems including hydrology, active layer depths, permafrost regimes, wildlife and human use of Arctic landscapes. While spatially extensive on-the-ground measurements of tundra biomass were conducted in the development of this analysis, validation is still impossible without more repeated, long-term monitoring of Arctic tundra biomass in the field.
Author	Tucker, Compton J Bhatt, Uma S Epstein, Howard E Pinzon, Jorge E Raynolds, Martha K Walker, Donald A
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Howard E surname: Epstein fullname: Epstein, Howard E organization: University of Virginia Department of Environmental Science, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Martha K surname: Raynolds fullname: Raynolds, Martha K organization: University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Donald A surname: Walker fullname: Walker, Donald A organization: University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Uma S surname: Bhatt fullname: Bhatt, Uma S organization: University of Alaska Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Compton J surname: Tucker fullname: Tucker, Compton J organization: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Jorge E surname: Pinzon fullname: Pinzon, Jorge E organization: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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Snippet	Numerous studies have evaluated the dynamics of Arctic tundra vegetation throughout the past few decades, using remotely sensed proxies of vegetation, such as...
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SubjectTerms	Arctic tundra circumpolar NDVI remote sensing spatial and temporal dynamics vegetation biomass
Title	Dynamics of aboveground phytomass of the circumpolar Arctic tundra during the past three decades
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