Superoxide Anion Chemistry—Its Role at the Core of the Innate Immunity
Classically, superoxide anion O2•− and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction, necessary for cell signalling, and at the pathological level they are considered harmful, as they can induce disease and apoptosis, necrosis...
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| Vydané v: | International journal of molecular sciences Ročník 24; číslo 3; s. 1841 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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Switzerland
MDPI AG
17.01.2023
MDPI |
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| ISSN: | 1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067 |
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| Abstract | Classically, superoxide anion O2•− and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction, necessary for cell signalling, and at the pathological level they are considered harmful, as they can induce disease and apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death. This revision focuses on understanding the main characteristics of the superoxide O2•−, its generation pathways, the biomolecules it oxidizes and how it may contribute to their modification and toxicity. The role of superoxide dismutase, the enzyme responsible for the removal of most of the superoxide produced in living organisms, is studied. At the same time, the toxicity induced by superoxide and derived radicals is beneficial in the oxidative death of microbial pathogens, which are subsequently engulfed by specialized immune cells, such as neutrophils or macrophages, during the activation of innate immunity. Ultimately, this review describes in some depth the chemistry related to O2•− and how it is harnessed by the innate immune system to produce lysis of microbial agents. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Classically, superoxide anion O2•- and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction, necessary for cell signalling, and at the pathological level they are considered harmful, as they can induce disease and apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death. This revision focuses on understanding the main characteristics of the superoxide O2•-, its generation pathways, the biomolecules it oxidizes and how it may contribute to their modification and toxicity. The role of superoxide dismutase, the enzyme responsible for the removal of most of the superoxide produced in living organisms, is studied. At the same time, the toxicity induced by superoxide and derived radicals is beneficial in the oxidative death of microbial pathogens, which are subsequently engulfed by specialized immune cells, such as neutrophils or macrophages, during the activation of innate immunity. Ultimately, this review describes in some depth the chemistry related to O2•- and how it is harnessed by the innate immune system to produce lysis of microbial agents.Classically, superoxide anion O2•- and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction, necessary for cell signalling, and at the pathological level they are considered harmful, as they can induce disease and apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death. This revision focuses on understanding the main characteristics of the superoxide O2•-, its generation pathways, the biomolecules it oxidizes and how it may contribute to their modification and toxicity. The role of superoxide dismutase, the enzyme responsible for the removal of most of the superoxide produced in living organisms, is studied. At the same time, the toxicity induced by superoxide and derived radicals is beneficial in the oxidative death of microbial pathogens, which are subsequently engulfed by specialized immune cells, such as neutrophils or macrophages, during the activation of innate immunity. Ultimately, this review describes in some depth the chemistry related to O2•- and how it is harnessed by the innate immune system to produce lysis of microbial agents. Classically, superoxide anion O2•− and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction, necessary for cell signalling, and at the pathological level they are considered harmful, as they can induce disease and apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death. This revision focuses on understanding the main characteristics of the superoxide O2•−, its generation pathways, the biomolecules it oxidizes and how it may contribute to their modification and toxicity. The role of superoxide dismutase, the enzyme responsible for the removal of most of the superoxide produced in living organisms, is studied. At the same time, the toxicity induced by superoxide and derived radicals is beneficial in the oxidative death of microbial pathogens, which are subsequently engulfed by specialized immune cells, such as neutrophils or macrophages, during the activation of innate immunity. Ultimately, this review describes in some depth the chemistry related to O2•− and how it is harnessed by the innate immune system to produce lysis of microbial agents. Classically, superoxide anion O and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O reduction, necessary for cell signalling, and at the pathological level they are considered harmful, as they can induce disease and apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagic cell death. This revision focuses on understanding the main characteristics of the superoxide O , its generation pathways, the biomolecules it oxidizes and how it may contribute to their modification and toxicity. The role of superoxide dismutase, the enzyme responsible for the removal of most of the superoxide produced in living organisms, is studied. At the same time, the toxicity induced by superoxide and derived radicals is beneficial in the oxidative death of microbial pathogens, which are subsequently engulfed by specialized immune cells, such as neutrophils or macrophages, during the activation of innate immunity. Ultimately, this review describes in some depth the chemistry related to O and how it is harnessed by the innate immune system to produce lysis of microbial agents. |
| Author | Plou, Francisco J. Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo Andrés, Celia María Curieses Andrés Juan, Celia Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 Sistemas de Biotecnología y Recursos Naturales, 47625 Valladolid, Spain 4 Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC—Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain 1 Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valladolid, Avenida de Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain 2 Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC—Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain 3 Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC—Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain – name: 4 Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC—Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain – name: 3 Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain – name: 1 Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valladolid, Avenida de Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain – name: 5 Sistemas de Biotecnología y Recursos Naturales, 47625 Valladolid, Spain |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Celia María Curieses surname: Andrés fullname: Andrés, Celia María Curieses – sequence: 2 givenname: José Manuel orcidid: 0000-0003-4663-5565 surname: Pérez de la Lastra fullname: Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel – sequence: 3 givenname: Celia surname: Andrés Juan fullname: Andrés Juan, Celia – sequence: 4 givenname: Francisco J. orcidid: 0000-0003-0831-893X surname: Plou fullname: Plou, Francisco J. – sequence: 5 givenname: Eduardo surname: Pérez-Lebeña fullname: Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36768162$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Classically, superoxide anion O2•− and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction,... Classically, superoxide anion O and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O reduction,... Classically, superoxide anion O2•- and reactive oxygen species ROS play a dual role. At the physiological balance level, they are a by-product of O2 reduction,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alzheimer's disease Antioxidants Apoptosis Cytochrome Decomposition Endangered & extinct species Enzymes Free radicals Immunity, Innate Metabolism Metabolites Oxidation Oxidative stress Physiology Polyphenols Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Review Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism Superoxides - metabolism |
| Title | Superoxide Anion Chemistry—Its Role at the Core of the Innate Immunity |
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