Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification), triggers the vessel...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 6; p. 3346
Main Authors: Jebari-Benslaiman, Shifa, Galicia-García, Unai, Larrea-Sebal, Asier, Olaetxea, Javier Rekondo, Alloza, Iraide, Vandenbroeck, Koen, Benito-Vicente, Asier, Martín, César
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.03.2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Blood platelets
Calcinosis - complications
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Endothelium
Gene expression
Hemodynamics
Homeostasis
Humans
Lipids
Lipoproteins
Metabolism
Morphology
Nitric oxide
Pathophysiology
Plaque, Atherosclerotic
Review
Risk Factors
Shear stress
Signal transduction
Smooth muscle
atherosclerosis
microbiota
risk factors
lncRNA
atheroma plaque
microRNA
ocLDL
endothelial dysfunction
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification), triggers the vessel narrowing and activation of inflammatory pathways. The resultant atheroma plaque, along with these processes, results in cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the different stages of atherosclerosis development, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture. In addition, the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of atheroma plaque by microRNAs and lncRNAs, the role of microbiota, and the importance of sex as a crucial risk factor in atherosclerosis are covered here in order to provide a global view of the disease.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23063346