Sex and Gender Aspects for Patient Stratification in Allergy Prevention and Treatment

Allergies are rapidly worsening in recent decades, representing the most common immunological diseases. The mechanism of disorders such as asthma, rhinocongiuntivitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, food and drug allergies, and anaphylaxis still remain unclear and consequently treatments is mostly st...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of molecular sciences Jg. 21; H. 4; S. 1535
Hauptverfasser: De Martinis, Massimo, Sirufo, Maria Maddalena, Suppa, Mariano, Di Silvestre, Daniela, Ginaldi, Lia
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 24.02.2020
MDPI
Schlagworte:
Allergens - immunology
Anaphylaxis - immunology
Anaphylaxis - prevention & control
Anaphylaxis - therapy
Asthma - immunology
Asthma - prevention & control
Asthma - therapy
Dermatitis, Atopic - immunology
Dermatitis, Atopic - prevention & control
Dermatitis, Atopic - therapy
Eczema
Estrogens
Female
Females
Food allergies
Food Hypersensitivity - immunology
Food Hypersensitivity - prevention & control
Food Hypersensitivity - therapy
Gender differences
Gender identity
Gene expression
Hormones
Humans
Hypersensitivity - immunology
Hypersensitivity - prevention & control
Hypersensitivity - therapy
Infections
Inflammation
Lupus
Lymphocytes
Male
Males
Medical research
Medicine
Puberty
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sex Factors
Testosterone
Womens health
Working conditions
treatment
hypersensitivity
gender
sex hormones
IgE
sex
allergy
atopic dermatitis
asthma
patient stratification
rhinitis
immunity
urticarial
prevention
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
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Zusammenfassung:Allergies are rapidly worsening in recent decades, representing the most common immunological diseases. The mechanism of disorders such as asthma, rhinocongiuntivitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, food and drug allergies, and anaphylaxis still remain unclear and consequently treatments is mostly still symptomatic and aspecific while developments of new therapies are limited. A growing amount of data in the literature shows us how the prevalence of allergic diseases is different in both sexes and its changes over the course of life. Genes, hormones, environmental and immunological factors affect sex disparities associated with the development and control of allergic diseases, while they more rarely are considered and reported regarding their differences related to social, psychological, cultural, economic, and employment aspects. This review describes the available knowledge on the role of sex and gender in allergies in an attempt to improve the indispensable gender perspective whose potential is still underestimated while it represents a significant turning point in research and the clinic. It will offer insights to stimulate exploration of the many aspects still unknown in this relationship that could ameliorate the preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies in allergic diseases.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21041535