Raptor codes

LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper, we introduce Raptor codes, an extension of LT-codes with linear time encoding and decoding. We will exhibit a class of universal Raptor code...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	IEEE transactions on information theory Vol. 52; no. 6; pp. 2551 - 2567
Main Author:	Shokrollahi, A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.06.2006 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Binary erasure channel (BEC) Buffer overflow Codes Coding Computer networks Decoders Decoding Error analysis Error probability Fault tolerance graphical codes Internet Large-scale systems LT-codes Mathematical analysis networking Probability Protocols Scalability Streams Studies Symbols
ISSN:	0018-9448, 1063-6692, 1557-9654, 1558-2566
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper, we introduce Raptor codes, an extension of LT-codes with linear time encoding and decoding. We will exhibit a class of universal Raptor codes: for a given integer k and any real epsiv>0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of size k(1+epsiv) is sufficient to recover the original k symbols with high probability. Each output symbol is generated using O(log(1/epsiv)) operations, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones with O(klog(1/epsiv)) operations. We will also introduce novel techniques for the analysis of the error probability of the decoder for finite length Raptor codes. Moreover, we will introduce and analyze systematic versions of Raptor codes, i.e., versions in which the first output elements of the coding system coincide with the original k elements
AbstractList	LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper, we introduce Raptor codes, an extension of LT-codes with linear time encoding and decoding. We will exhibit a class of universal Raptor codes: for a given integer k and any real epsiv>0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of size k(1+epsiv) is sufficient to recover the original k symbols with high probability. Each output symbol is generated using O(log(1/epsiv)) operations, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones with O(klog(1/epsiv)) operations. We will also introduce novel techniques for the analysis of the error probability of the decoder for finite length Raptor codes. Moreover, we will introduce and analyze systematic versions of Raptor codes, i.e., versions in which the first output elements of the coding system coincide with the original k elements LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper, we introduce Raptor codes, an extension of LT-codes with linear time encoding and decoding. We will exhibit a class of universal Raptor codes: for a given integerkand any real varepsilon ≫0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of sizek(1 varepsilon )is sufficient to recover the originalksymbols with high probability. Each output symbol is generated usingO(log (1/ varepsilon ))operations, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones withO(klog (1/ varepsilon ))operations. We will also introduce novel techniques for the analysis of the error probability of the decoder for finite length Raptor codes. Moreover, we will introduce and analyze systematic versions of Raptor codes, i.e., versions in which the first output elements of the coding system coincide with the originalkelements. LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper, we introduce Raptor codes, an extension of LT-codes with linear time encoding and decoding. We will exhibit a class of universal Raptor codes: for a given integer k and any real/spl epsiv/ >0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of size k(1+/spl epsiv/) is sufficient to recover the original k symbols with high probability. Each output symbol is generated using O(log(1//spl epsiv/)) operations, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones with O(klog(1//spl epsiv/)) operations. We will also introduce novel techniques for the analysis of the error probability of the decoder for finite length Raptor codes. Moreover, we will introduce and analyze systematic versions of Raptor codes, i.e., versions in which the first output elements of the coding system coincide with the original k elements. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper, we introduce Raptor codes, an extension of LT-codes with linear time encoding and decoding. We will exhibit a class of universal Raptor codes: for a given integer k and any real epsilon > 0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of size k(1 + epsilon) is sufficient to recover the original k symbols with high probability. Each output symbol is generated using O(log(1/ epsilon)) operations, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones with O(k log(1/epsilon)) operations.We will also introduce novel techniques for the analysis of the error probability of the decoder for finite length Raptor codes. Moreover, we will introduce and analyze systematic versions of Raptor codes, i.e., versions in which the first output elements of the coding system coincide with the original k elements. Special issue title: Special issue on networking and information theory LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper, we introduce Raptor codes, an extension of LT-codes with linear time encoding and decoding. We will exhibit a class of universal Raptor codes: for a given integer k and any real ε > 0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of size k (1 + ε) is sufficient to recover the original k symbols with high probability. Each output symbol is generated using O (log(1/ ε)) operations, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones with O (k log(1/ε)) operations.We will also introduce novel techniques for the analysis of the error probability of the decoder for finite length Raptor codes. Moreover, we will introduce and analyze systematic versions of Raptor codes, i.e., versions in which the first output elements of the coding system coincide with the original k elements. LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper, we introduce Raptor codes, an extension of LT-codes with linear time encoding and decoding. We will exhibit a class of universal Raptor codes: for a given integer k and any real E > 0, Raptor codes in this class produce a potentially infinite stream of symbols such that any subset of symbols of size k (1 + E) is sufficient to recover the original k symbols with high probability. Each output symbol is generated using O (log(1/ E)) operations, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones with O (k log(1/E)) operations.We will also introduce novel techniques for the analysis of the error probability of the decoder for finite length Raptor codes. Moreover, we will introduce and analyze systematic versions of Raptor codes, i.e., versions in which the first output elements of the coding system coincide with the original k elements. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author	Shokrollahi, A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: A. surname: Shokrollahi fullname: Shokrollahi, A. organization: Sch. of Comput. Sci. & Commun., Sch. of Basic Sci
BookMark	eNqF0UtLAzEUBeAgFaytaxduxIW4mTY37yyl-CgUBKnrkGYyMGU6qcl04b83wwhCF-0iXALfuXA512jUhtYjdAt4BoD1fL1czwjGYqYkoxpfoDFwLgstOBuhMcagCs2YukLXKW3zl3EgYzT9tPsuxHsXSp-m6LKyTfI3f3OCvl5f1ov3YvXxtlw8rwrHpOoKJTFwvClB2lIKy6QF6UrBbX7UV8rJiumq3DhCS-K95tQ6AZQp7JSguqQT9Djs3cfwffCpM7s6Od80tvXhkAzRmOSUPA8V4Owgw6eTEKjgwJmmPX04ottwiG2-1xAiKZaa0jOIaE2FOoVAcw2gcI_4gFwMKUVfGVd3tqtD20VbNwaw6eszuT7T12eG-nJufpTbx3pn48-JxN2QqL33_1pQxRmlvz8OoX8
CODEN	IETTAW
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2019_2946355 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2016_7838093 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2011_6131138 crossref_primary_10_1002_dac_5855 crossref_primary_10_1002_sat_1220 crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2018_2857203 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2011_030311_100589 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11276_018_1674_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2016_2516819 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2012_2191689 crossref_primary_10_1145_3664610 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_021_08815_3 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2019_2957541 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2016_08_002 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2024_3445336 crossref_primary_10_1093_bib_bbab001 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCAD_2024_3432648 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2019_2891842 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2011_2105570 crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_619379 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2021_3106676 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2018_2791659 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2014_12_010 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_020_07428_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2018_2820021 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2013_0488 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2017_2741972 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2023_3264775 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2016_2557079 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_016_3307_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fmre_2021_12_006 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2022_3175509 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_091112_110864 crossref_primary_10_3390_e25030428 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comcom_2023_03_019 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2018_2804099 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2016_2520361 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2016_2539758 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2018_2844838 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_061913_110585 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11767_011_0471_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2010_03_090736 crossref_primary_10_1109_TDSC_2012_25 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2007_897464 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2013_77 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2018_2880591 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2014_010314_131915 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2014_2334315 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_072612_110143 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2011_2173242 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3047092 crossref_primary_10_1109_MNET_2018_1700280 crossref_primary_10_1002_ett_1390 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2011_030411_100834 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2020_101071 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2014_2331967 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNB_2023_3284406 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_adhoc_2014_10_011 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2017_1063 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2012_2219568 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2013_2291359 crossref_primary_10_1109_MSP_2008_929285 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2014_011014_130248 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSE_2021_3061537 crossref_primary_10_1145_2185395_2185447 crossref_primary_10_1049_ell2_13110 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2022_3160697 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aeue_2020_153256 crossref_primary_10_3390_s16091444 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcss_2017_05_005 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevApplied_12_054013 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2024_3394149 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2011_091911_100189 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_032013_120504 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2016_2623305 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_016_3426_y crossref_primary_10_1002_dac_2321 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSM_2015_2400915 crossref_primary_10_1587_transinf_2017EDP7048 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2008_2012024 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2023_3328648 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2014_2360692 crossref_primary_10_1049_el_2018_0482 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2009_2039084 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2011_110811_110220 crossref_primary_10_1002_cpe_3405 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2867034 crossref_primary_10_1002_wcm_2346 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2008_2009971 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2017_2730874 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2019_2940833 crossref_primary_10_3390_s90604901 crossref_primary_10_1145_3631524 crossref_primary_10_1155_2012_160521 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13634_015_0297_8 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2015_2476349 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2016_1401 crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMR_926_930_3673 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2017_2657621 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_021513_110826 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2010_2102930 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2010_112310_100013 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12596_024_01909_8 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2016_2577520 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_016_3638_5 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2016_2536612 crossref_primary_10_3390_e24020157 crossref_primary_10_1631_jzus_C0910475 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11235_016_0253_4 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2017_2768158 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2018_2865125 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00778_019_00560_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_a12080151 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2022_3219600 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2014_2300140 crossref_primary_10_1109_JCN_2010_6388304 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2019_106903 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_017_9346_1 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2019_2895322 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2010_08_100548 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2017_0584 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2015_2511815 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2009_2032800 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2007_899018 crossref_primary_10_1002_navi_258 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2015_2448678 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13638_017_0823_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2009_06_008 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2890452 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2875498 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2015_1183 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2018_5288 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aeue_2023_154843 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_041113_120462 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2007_905528 crossref_primary_10_1002_dac_4396 crossref_primary_10_5594_J15015 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2010_09_080325 crossref_primary_10_1109_MCOM_2011_5978428 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2018_2881364 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_8071267 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2012_120612_122169 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2017_2750179 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPDS_2013_2297109 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2012_0263 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2021_3096961 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2008_923664 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2018_5273 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2021_3063709 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2013_2291211 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3020472 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2010_2045683 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csbj_2024_04_048 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2011_2104690 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2010_03_090108 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2019_0233 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2015_2427161 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2015_2448533 crossref_primary_10_1080_15326349_2020_1742160 crossref_primary_10_1109_MCOM_2008_4511656 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2009_2031545 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2016_2594216 crossref_primary_10_1109_JCN_2009_6388410 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2010_02_090276 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2010_2087326 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2019_0426 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2024_3349790 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comcom_2014_04_010 crossref_primary_10_3390_app10072389 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2015_2436705 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPDS_2019_2933839 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2011_2126564 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2012_122212_120196 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11433_021_1688_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42979_020_00141_y crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2009_12_091824 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2017_1234 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2010_01_050175 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_018_5271_y crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2018_5491 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2013_031313_130064 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2013_2281606 crossref_primary_10_3390_computers4020113 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2008_080260 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2021_3070134 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnca_2022_103581 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_011_0841_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_013_4809_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_070213_120803 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2021_3121101 crossref_primary_10_1080_24751839_2021_1954752 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2021_3091719 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_09_110674 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2013_2269898 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2009_2018342 crossref_primary_10_4218_etrij_12_0112_0019 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2009_2032851 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2010_2052049 crossref_primary_10_1155_2009_614178 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2023_3306897 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVLSI_2025_3572517 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2018_5486 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics9111794 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2009_2022080 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2017_02_004 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2910935 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2014_0537 crossref_primary_10_1145_3637224 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2007_895188 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2011_160 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2917557 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2013_130824 crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_1499_2014_184 crossref_primary_10_1587_transinf_2017EDP7218 crossref_primary_10_1140_epjqt_s40507_023_00197_8 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2025_3552172 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2016_2614687 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2022_3229405 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2018_2882303 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2009_4814418 crossref_primary_10_1145_2377677_2377736 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2013_SUP_0513047 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11235_018_0524_3 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2017_2706728 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2015_2425228 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2020_3024162 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2016_2551750 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2011_2171530 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2015_2505688 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2015_2504281 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_34160_5 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2014_0432 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2015_2504280 crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_1499_2012_213 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2015_0042 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2012_2184690 crossref_primary_10_1109_WCL_2012_080112_120465 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2016_2604262 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00530_014_0421_x crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2015_2504556 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_024_4408_1 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevLett_134_190801 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2016_2604201 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTSP_2007_901511 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2014_2363081 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2016_2577178 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3117248 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_017_4715_0 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_6387214 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11235_010_9357_4 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITB_2011_2105497 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2015_2499192 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2011_2170660 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2022_3187669 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2012_2191030 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2022_3212275 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2018_2844918 crossref_primary_10_1109_TGCN_2021_3098611 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2019_2909868 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12243_008_0027_4 crossref_primary_10_3390_e19010038 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2025_3575296 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1005_8885_10_60214_2 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2017_2659625 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2007_070520 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2010_04_090104 crossref_primary_10_1177_1748301818770082 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2020_2989827 crossref_primary_10_1145_2764459 crossref_primary_10_9717_kmms_2014_17_8_961 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2016_2518925 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2021_3051234 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2011_2161949 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3054954 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2903523 crossref_primary_10_1631_jzus_C1000340 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2015_0235 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2009_081409 crossref_primary_10_1155_2009_632545 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12859_021_04318_x crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2017_2787726 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_081012_110363 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2468232 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3023639 crossref_primary_10_1109_TC_2015_2435792 crossref_primary_10_3390_e21090905 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2014_2302151 crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_1499_2013_206 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11760_016_0867_8 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2016_2622700 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12083_015_0337_z crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2009_12_081627 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_015_2577_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_122013_130116 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2014_140506 crossref_primary_10_1145_2043164_2018455 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2019_2963668 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2014_2362919 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2012_120103 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2021_3064524 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2017_2665587 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2020_3021086 crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2022_3192966 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2946274 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2012_241 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2020_102999 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3297137 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2962748 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2011_2161448 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2013_2295608 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2017_2748592 crossref_primary_10_1049_el_2013_2169 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3319365 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2010_2096170 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2015_2452672 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2015_2460235 crossref_primary_10_4316_AECE_2013_04020 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2018_2839105 crossref_primary_10_1109_SURV_2011_040410_00042 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_061913_120747 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2012_05_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2012_05_003 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3517171 crossref_primary_10_1109_JLT_2015_2457092 crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_513861 crossref_primary_10_1002_ett_2812 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3412192 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTSP_2010_2055036 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTSP_2010_2055038 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2014_140522 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_082813_120844 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2020_2997400 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2017_2741425 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2013_040913_130136 crossref_primary_10_1155_2009_750735 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2015_2422697 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13222_023_00460_3 crossref_primary_10_3389_fspas_2020_573060 crossref_primary_10_1109_JCN_2013_000072 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2018_2809627 crossref_primary_10_3390_info9030059 crossref_primary_10_1088_2058_9565_ad1f3c crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_016_3529_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_021_08749_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_image_2018_02_004 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_36297_3 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2013_2265279 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_021_08497_x crossref_primary_10_1109_WCL_2014_030514_140036 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2019_2895867 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2020_2979654 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2015_2405532 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2428244 crossref_primary_10_3390_s121217128 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_019_08479_z crossref_primary_10_1177_1550147716673070 crossref_primary_10_1109_MMUL_2009_34 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpdc_2014_02_004 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2008_928247 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_image_2008_12_005 crossref_primary_10_3390_s25020460 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2018_2791605 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2007_907495 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2018_2794459 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2011_2171773 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_011_4383_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2020_107361 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2011_082111_100624 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2014_2364042 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13638_015_0485_0 crossref_primary_10_3390_info9040072 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2013_08_012 crossref_primary_10_21597_jist_648837 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2006_874433 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2017_2724442 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13634_015_0299_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_s18092858 crossref_primary_10_1109_SURV_2013_021313_00164 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2013_090413_121308 crossref_primary_10_1109_JCN_2013_000033 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2008_080825 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2011_2177645 crossref_primary_10_1002_dac_3917 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11036_017_0968_9 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2017_2715805 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2013_2241415 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2014_2328636 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2014_140106 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_8068414 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2451640 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2020_2971204 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2024_3445303 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTSP_2009_2035859 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2884408 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_023_10387_3 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_110413_120971 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2011_2157357 crossref_primary_10_26636_jtit_2020_138219 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2011_05_001 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_014_5130_8 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2017_2769122 crossref_primary_10_1155_2019_6804582 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_synbio_2025_03_006 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2015_2425832 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2014_030514_121555 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2014_2310897 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2022_3147642 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2014_2302533 crossref_primary_10_3390_e26080694 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2009_091219 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2016_0146 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2010_091710_080631 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2944232 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2011_2162168 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2007_909876 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2007_914868 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2016_2606410 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2019_2919632 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_090513_120913 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2019_2908169 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2024_3435391 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cja_2015_05_010 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_2989619 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aeue_2016_05_006 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2022_3198183 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11859_017_1254_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40998_017_0045_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_017_4307_z crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2015_2472362 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2015_2464801 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2015_2407878 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2017_2700303 crossref_primary_10_1049_cmu2_12868 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2404443 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13638_019_1376_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2014_2385855 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2012_2190392 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2014_2329501 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2007_905134 crossref_primary_10_3390_e20100730 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_adhoc_2009_07_001 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2018_2831926 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2017_2744620 crossref_primary_10_1143_JPSJ_81_034005 crossref_primary_10_1002_sat_961 crossref_primary_10_1109_MSP_2016_2639062 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13638_017_0964_6 crossref_primary_10_1002_dac_2463 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2011_2177749 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2010_2054295 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2024_3416050 crossref_primary_10_1155_2012_916715 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMCA_2010_2044881 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2017_2756623 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2012_0315 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_016_3756_9 crossref_primary_10_5402_2011_481247 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2008_06_004 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11276_017_1450_0 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2013_2257585 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2019_2907245 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_092813_120865 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2019_2894154 crossref_primary_10_1093_nargab_lqab126 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOM_2007_348295 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2023_109775 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2018_2793964 crossref_primary_10_1109_JOE_2013_2291635 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2015_2479860 crossref_primary_10_1145_2875426 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2013_2258474 crossref_primary_10_1002_sat_947 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2017_2783946 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2022_3143199 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2021_3074737 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2015_2402617 crossref_primary_10_1109_MSP_2007_904816 crossref_primary_10_1155_2008_853816 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_022712_110038 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2013_1033 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2016_2577025 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_future_2010_11_028 crossref_primary_10_1145_3440035 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2016_2551483 crossref_primary_10_1145_3410048_3410057 crossref_primary_10_1155_2010_618016 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2017_2713813 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2013_2282273 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2024_3355526 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2011_2114655 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2016_2612685 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2017_1181 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevApplied_19_054084 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2016_2645684 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_061112_110177 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2014_2332351 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2014_2367473 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12204_013_1458_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_image_2013_01_008 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2011_2157370 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2016_2561304 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnca_2010_06_015 crossref_primary_10_1109_MWC_2010_5450661 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2015_2497311 crossref_primary_10_1515_freq_2016_0019 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2009_081076 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2008_072141 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2020_3044298 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2020_101172 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2018_2872518 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2012_2197449 crossref_primary_10_1109_TGCN_2019_2942848 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_018_9392_x crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2023_3302067 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2016_2644106 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2020_3009402 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2016_2522403 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2015_2504496 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2014_2384215 crossref_primary_10_1049_cmu2_12445 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2842095 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2962056 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2010_5505949 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_021_3320_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10207_007_0048_4 crossref_primary_10_1109_JLT_2017_2716373 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2024_3392029 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2016_2562027 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2013_2272516 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2013_101813_131972 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2007_909917 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2021_3073503 crossref_primary_10_1155_2009_597848 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2017_2774706 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2018_2873306 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23187843 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2010_01_091541 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2018_2879088 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2012_2216937 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2012_0737 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2017_2687928 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2013_102813_130746 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2404842 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11036_011_0333_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2023_102083 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3030132 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2011_060911_100409 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2015_2419082 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_peva_2021_102235 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_adhoc_2021_102560 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs14194712 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2024_3405336 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2016_2547876 crossref_primary_10_1109_JOE_2014_2311692 crossref_primary_10_1109_TDSC_2025_3532850 crossref_primary_10_3390_math12142243 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2010_2094193 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_017_4845_4 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2022_3151028 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_017_9203_x crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2022_3205625 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_5967194 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2013_070913_130657 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2012_020212_112529 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2946167 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2010_2080950 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11265_012_0680_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_camwa_2011_07_068 crossref_primary_10_1051_jnwpu_20203830627 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2011_051311_100331 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2013_2280561 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2023_3241773 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2877792 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2012_092812_121661 crossref_primary_10_1364_JOCN_2_000221 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2010_2087830 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11767_011_0622_9 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2011_2144616 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_042313_120159 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11235_010_9330_2 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2023_3340416 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11432_012_4764_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2021_3098386 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics12183951 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2021_3064922 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_100913_130232 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2020_2965118 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2023_3328812 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPDS_2017_2782677 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2007_892814 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13634_016_0316_4 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2023_3293231 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2014_2304134 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2514284 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_2257338 crossref_primary_10_3390_e25071054 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2007_04_015 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2016_2621116 crossref_primary_10_1145_2447712_2447734 crossref_primary_10_3390_s19132978 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_015_3079_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2009_081997 crossref_primary_10_1145_2856034 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2017_2757482 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procs_2018_10_385 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11227_014_1101_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_1499_2013_73 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2021_3118792 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2008_071668 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2010_120710_090774 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2016_2569420 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12083_016_0495_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2011_09_003 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2016_2628030 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2017_2733303 crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_692915 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2022_3178764 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2016_2544060 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2016_2628033 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2019_2909547 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comcom_2010_06_018 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2017_1352 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2013_011113_122283 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_042313_120167 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_adhoc_2012_04_014 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13369_025_10160_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2007_901080 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2015_2475281 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2446981 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2016_2530695 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2011_112311_100366 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_014_1646_x crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2023_3273413 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2017_2676096 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSVT_2011_2159429 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2016_2632599 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2016_01_008 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00453_008_9192_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnca_2024_103825 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2011_110513 crossref_primary_10_1109_WCL_2014_020314_130872 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comcom_2015_05_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procs_2015_09_078 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2011_2163402 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2011_110515 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2009_090805 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2011_110518 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comcom_2021_12_016 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2013_060513_120334 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2010_02_092080 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2014_0658 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2008_2009815 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_2972110 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11265_010_0469_6 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2020_0148 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2010_101210_070495 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2016_2630062 crossref_primary_10_1109_MCOM_2017_1600618 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2014_06_013 crossref_primary_10_3390_app7020186 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2009_2032732 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procs_2018_04_044 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2017_2721947 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPDS_2012_231 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnca_2011_11_008 crossref_primary_10_1587_transinf_2016OFP0009 crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2019_2892866 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2022_3173152 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_adhoc_2012_03_010 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2015_2480851 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actaastro_2010_09_015 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2010_0639 crossref_primary_10_3390_s20154334 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2010_2073852 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2014_2314632 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2017_2657753 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_022_09803_x crossref_primary_10_3390_s22030819 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2016_2576443 crossref_primary_10_1364_JOCN_8_000398 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_laa_2013_01_020 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_440_5_052069 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pmcj_2014_05_002 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_011_0986_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1005_8885_09_60588_4 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2017_2694834 crossref_primary_10_3390_e24111573 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2020_3049061 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2012_041912_112105 crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_1499_2012_327 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSM_2024_3462813 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2009_11_080072 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2009_2026087 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics8030307 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2010_03_081469 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2012_120312_120633 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2016_2630309 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2009_081102 crossref_primary_10_3390_en16124697 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2015_2392378 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2013_2283500 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2009_081105 crossref_primary_10_3390_s18103225 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00778_024_00869_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2017_2712181 crossref_primary_10_1155_2010_435405 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2011_2124448 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2016_2586845 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2010_100215 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2008_080599 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2017_2740207 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2015_2421821 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csbj_2024_10_038 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_030712_110032 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2017_2650995 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2017_2786701 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_090513_120834 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2021_3106250 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2019_2906561 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12095_015_0134_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_e22070790 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_5546154 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2023_3269526 crossref_primary_10_1145_3392143 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2013_0864 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2022_3208933 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2020_3016648 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_072913_120724 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2011_2111364 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2018_2867436 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2009_09_070616 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2021_3106059 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpro_2012_02_009 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2012_051512_110109 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00779_011_0367_3 crossref_primary_10_1155_2009_657970 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2012_120220 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2011_121410_100281 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2014_0586 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11036_016_0731_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2013_6490270 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cta_2014_1130 crossref_primary_10_3390_network4040024 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2006_874523 crossref_primary_10_1126_science_aaj2038 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2011_110110 crossref_primary_10_1145_2629584 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2012_12_003 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_013_1597_7 crossref_primary_10_1002_jnm_2597 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_2982209 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2024_3386556 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2019_2948906 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2007_904982 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2007_904983 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2021_3138987 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2013_031913_122838 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2016_2581806 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics9122032 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2025_3536295 crossref_primary_10_1145_1851275_1851186 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2015_0100 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_2970460 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2020_3034941 crossref_primary_10_1109_SURV_2011_082611_00134 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2015_2388632 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2013_072313_131212 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2018_2828857 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2021_3110760 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2014_2362111 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2016_0040 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2007_896540 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2010_5606257 crossref_primary_10_1109_TDSC_2013_46 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2963088 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11434_014_0630_x crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2019_2893930 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_image_2012_02_008 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2015_0794 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2016_2593605 crossref_primary_10_1002_sat_1062 crossref_primary_10_1109_TASE_2012_2193125 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2010_2042985 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_optcom_2016_09_028 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2015_2407352 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSAC_2020_3005486 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2012_2203580 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2502952 crossref_primary_10_1002_ett_2798 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comcom_2016_01_008 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_013_1480_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2009_5174449 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11276_012_0515_3 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2008_4560104 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00224_019_09939_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_JLT_2010_2040136 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2016_2553138 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2006_874535 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2010_2055590 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2008_4560102 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_019_7679_0 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2022_3178081 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2011_2165130 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cja_2013_07_010 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2014_2353618 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2012_021612_112589 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2018_2791500 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2016_2527644 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2015_0539 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2019_03_004 crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2019_2921212 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2007_896873 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2016_2608892 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_014_1883_8 crossref_primary_10_1109_T_WC_2008_071218 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2018_2883736 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2015_2421938 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2011_062311_090277 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2019_2946417 crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_154261 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2012_121412120053 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3477636 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2015_2438062 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics10243169 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2024_3411148 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2009_2013000 crossref_primary_10_23919_JSEE_2022_000156 crossref_primary_10_1109_TC_2010_210 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2010_2053397 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2019_0907 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2009_11_070095 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2009_090203 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2007_891703 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2011_2177562 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2020_3016654 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1005_8885_16_60054_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2016_2588441 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2019_2928497 crossref_primary_10_1109_MIC_2018_2884277 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_com_2013_0461 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2013_2285518 crossref_primary_10_1155_2012_129517 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11548_018_01904_y crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2014_2300485 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_017_4248_6 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2021_3114764 crossref_primary_10_1155_2008_124685 crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2018_2828127 crossref_primary_10_1109_TBC_2012_2202034 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2009_2018603 crossref_primary_10_1109_T_WC_2008_070581 crossref_primary_10_3390_sym14102026 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2007_01_036 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2022_3147601 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2012_2230449 crossref_primary_10_1145_3366700 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2015_2494011 crossref_primary_10_1145_3366706 crossref_primary_10_3390_e24091284 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phycom_2008_01_006 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2011_2146780 crossref_primary_10_1002_wcm_1189 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2011_063011_100706 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2012_6227434 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMC_2015_2418766 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12083_021_01206_2 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNET_2024_3453759 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2019_2901495 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2015_03_006 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2017_2692762 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2016_2570232 crossref_primary_10_1002_ett_1202 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvcir_2016_11_014 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2011_2162535 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2013_082813_110754 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2010_2093511 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPDS_2014_2321745 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3523327 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2024_3355431 crossref_primary_10_1109_TMM_2011_2129499 crossref_primary_10_1145_2377677_2377684 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_010_0505_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_s17081821 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIP_2012_2195668 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2911214 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2018_2812779 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2018_2888906 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSE_2019_2932727 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2022_3146259
Cites_doi	10.1109/TIT.2002.1003839 10.1109/TIT.2005.850079 10.1109/18.910575 10.1145/285243.285258 10.7551/mitpress/4347.001.0001 10.1109/18.910576 10.1007/3-540-46796-3_7 10.1109/SFCS.2002.1181950 10.1109/ISIT.2004.1365074 10.1109/TIT.2002.805067
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Jun 2006 Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Jun 2006
Copyright_xml	– notice: Copyright Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Jun 2006 – notice: Copyright Association for Computing Machinery Jun 2006
DBID	97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D F28 FR3
DOI	10.1109/TIT.2006.874390
DatabaseName	IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Engineering Research Database ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
DatabaseTitleList	Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database Technology Research Database Technology Research Database Technology Research Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering Computer Science
EISSN	1557-9654 1558-2566
EndPage	2567
ExternalDocumentID	1103587701 1138965511 1141471261 10_1109_TIT_2006_874390 1638543
Genre	orig-research Feature
GroupedDBID	-~X .DC 0R~ 29I 3EH 4.4 5GY 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABFSI ABQJQ ABVLG ACGFO ACGFS ACGOD ACIWK AENEX AETEA AETIX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AI. AIBXA AKJIK AKQYR ALLEH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ASUFR ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ CS3 DU5 E.L EBS EJD F5P HZ~ H~9 IAAWW IBMZZ ICLAB IDIHD IFIPE IFJZH IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 MS~ O9- OCL P2P PQQKQ RIA RIE RNS RXW TAE TN5 VH1 VJK AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D RIG -DZ 85S 8US AAKMM AALFJ AAWTV ABPPZ ACM ADBCU ADL AEBYY AEFXT AEJOY AENSD AFWIH AFWXC AIKLT AKRVB BDXCO CCLIF D0L FEDTE GUFHI HGAVV I07 IEDLZ IES LHSKQ P1C ROL UPT XOL YR2 ZCA F28 FR3 HF~
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-870150bd17ad76a47a17cd65ad653ef8c7f49fdbc23d2ee953ac613480c8639d3
IEDL.DBID	RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount	1839
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000238319400018&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0018-9448 1063-6692
IngestDate	Sun Sep 28 03:15:52 EDT 2025 Sat Sep 27 17:55:06 EDT 2025 Sun Sep 28 04:10:58 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 04:24:33 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 08:27:03 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 04:05:32 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 08:03:22 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:24:01 EST 2025 Tue Aug 26 16:40:38 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	false
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	6
Language	English
License	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c478t-870150bd17ad76a47a17cd65ad653ef8c7f49fdbc23d2ee953ac613480c8639d3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Feature-1 ObjectType-Article-2 content type line 23
OpenAccessLink	http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/99179
PQID	195911808
PQPubID	23500
PageCount	17
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_29029537 proquest_miscellaneous_1365154931 proquest_journals_227299368 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TIT_2006_874390 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2006_874390 proquest_journals_227307933 proquest_journals_195911808 proquest_miscellaneous_28105371 ieee_primary_1638543
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2006-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2006-06-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 06 year: 2006 text: 2006-06-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2000
PublicationPlace	New York
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: New York
PublicationTitle	IEEE transactions on information theory
PublicationTitleAbbrev	TIT
PublicationYear	2006
Publisher	IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml	– name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References	ref13 Shokrollahi (ref17) 2001 Luby (ref5) 2001 ref15 ref14 Jin (ref12) ref20 Shokrollahi (ref22) 2005 ref11 Maymounkov (ref9) 2002 (ref10) 2005 Luby (ref18) ref2 Luby (ref6) 2002 ref16 Shokrollahi (ref8) 2001 ref7 ref4 ref3 Luby (ref19) 2001 Shokrollahi (ref21) 2005 Elias (ref1)
References_xml	– ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2002.1003839 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2005.850079 – volume-title: Finite Length Analysis of a Certain Class of LDPC Codes year: 2001 ident: ref17 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1109/18.910575 – volume-title: Multi-Stage Code Generator and Decoder for Communication Systems year: 2001 ident: ref8 – start-page: 61 volume-title: Proc. 3rd London Symp. Information Theory ident: ref1 article-title: Coding for two noisy channels – volume-title: Information Additive Code Generator and Decoder for Communication Systems year: 2002 ident: ref6 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1145/285243.285258 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.7551/mitpress/4347.001.0001 – volume-title: Online Codes year: 2002 ident: ref9 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/18.910576 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1007/3-540-46796-3_7 – volume-title: 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) year: 2005 ident: ref10 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1109/SFCS.2002.1181950 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/ISIT.2004.1365074 – start-page: 1 volume-title: Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Turbo Codes ident: ref12 article-title: Irregular repeat-accumulate codes – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2002.805067 – volume-title: Information Additive Code Generator and Decoder for Communication Systems year: 2001 ident: ref5 – volume-title: Systems and Processes for Decoding Chain Reaction Codes Through Inactivation year: 2005 ident: ref21 – start-page: 364 volume-title: Proc. 9th Annu. ACM-SIAM Symp. Discrete Algorithms ident: ref18 article-title: Analysis of random processes via and-or tree evaluation – volume-title: A note on the design of degree distributions year: 2001 ident: ref19 – volume-title: Systematic Encoding and Decoding of Chain Reaction Codes year: 2005 ident: ref22
SSID	ssj0014512 ssj0013026
Score	2.4930859
Snippet	LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and fault-tolerant distribution of data over computer networks. In this paper,... Special issue title: Special issue on networking and information theory LT-codes are a new class of codes introduced by Luby for the purpose of scalable and...
SourceID	proquest crossref ieee
SourceType	Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	2551
SubjectTerms	Binary erasure channel (BEC) Buffer overflow Codes Coding Computer networks Decoders Decoding Error analysis Error probability Fault tolerance graphical codes Internet Large-scale systems LT-codes Mathematical analysis networking Probability Protocols Scalability Streams Studies Symbols
Title	Raptor codes
URI	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1638543 https://www.proquest.com/docview/195911808 https://www.proquest.com/docview/227299368 https://www.proquest.com/docview/227307933 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1365154931 https://www.proquest.com/docview/28105371 https://www.proquest.com/docview/29029537
Volume	52
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000238319400018&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1557-9654 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0013026 issn: 0018-9448 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 19930101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE – providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1557-9654 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014512 issn: 0018-9448 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 19630101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3fS8MwED5UfFDB6aY4548JPvhgt6ZJm-RRxKEgIjJlbyVNMhBkG27z7_eu7abiJvhQKORa2ksud7lLvg_gXGXCWbTAIDEmCwTtb9Q8MYHX0jDGLUtySpaXe_nwoHo9_bgCl_OzMN77fPOZb9FtXst3QzulVFmbYodY8FVYlVIWZ7XmFQMRswIZnKEB45qjhPFhoW5377pF1UFR9B3-8EA5pcqveTh3Lp3K_z5rB7bLILJ5VfT6Lqz4QRUqM4KGZmmvVdj8hjZYg60nM8IVdpNOsY_34Llz072-DUoyhMAKqSY4a1FuInNMGicTI1CV0rokNnhx31dW9oXuu8xG3EXe65gbi65aqNAqjEIc34e1wXDgD6AZidgYkVgvTUhkI5lFNy985HiGwaDp16E1U1BqS6RwIqx4S_MVQ6hT1CjxVyZpodE6XMwfGBUgGctFa6TAL7FCd3VozHogLY1onBLuDSHUqYWtUYTrAhxXS1s5Yf_hm8_mrWg5VA4xAz-c4us50cALzVkdTpfIRIoR4M1fEjqMUNnycPGPNWCjSNpQ3uYI1ibvU38M6_Zj8jp-P8mH8CeBqetc
linkProvider	IEEE
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3rS8MwED98gQ_wLc7nBD_4wWrzaJN8FFEU5xCZ4reSJhkIsonb_Pu9a7up6AQ_FAq5lvaSy13ukt8P4FDn0ju0wCi1No8k7W80IrVRMMoyJhxLC0qWx4ZqNvXTk7mbgOPRWZgQQrH5LJzQbVHL9103oFTZKcUOiRSTMJ1IyVl5WmtUM5AJK7HBGZowrjoqIB8Wm9PWdausO2iKv-NvPqggVfkxExfu5XLpfx-2DItVGFk_K_t9BSZCZxWWhhQN9cpiV2H-C97gGizc21dcY9fpHHtvHR4uL1rnV1FFhxA5qXQf5y3KTuSeKetVaiUqUzmfJhYvEdraqbY0bZ87LjwPwSTCOnTWUsdOYxzixQZMdbqdsAl1LhNrZeqCsjHRjeQOHb0M3Iscw0HbrsHJUEGZq7DCibLiJSvWDLHJUKPEYJlmpUZrcDR64LWEyRgvukYK_BQrdVeD7WEPZJUZ9TJCviGMOv1rK-e4MsCRNbZVEPofvvlg1Iq2QwUR2wndAb5eEBG8NILVYH-MDNeMIG_-kjAxR2Wrrd9_bB9mr1q3jaxx3bzZhrkyhUNZnB2Y6r8Nwi7MuPf-c-9trxjOH-Ty7qM
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Raptor+codes&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+information+theory&rft.au=Shokrollahi%2C+A.&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft.issn=0018-9448&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2551&rft.epage=2567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTIT.2006.874390&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TIT_2006_874390
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0018-9448&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0018-9448&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0018-9448&client=summon