Flow Cytometry-Based Characterization of Mast Cells in Human Atherosclerosis

The presence of mast cells in human atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Mast cell activation, through the classical antigen sensitized-IgE binding to their characteristic Fcε-receptor, causes the release of their cytoplasmic granules. These granules are fi...

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Vydané v:	Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 8; číslo 4; s. 334
Hlavní autori:	Kritikou, Eva, Depuydt, Marie A.C., de Vries, Margreet R., Mulder, Kevin E., Govaert, Arthur M., Smit, Marrit D., van Duijn, Janine, Foks, Amanda C., Wezel, Anouk, Smeets, Harm J., Slütter, Bram, Quax, Paul H.A., Kuiper, Johan, Bot, Ilze
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Switzerland MDPI AG 09.04.2019 MDPI
Predmet:	Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - pathology CD63 antigen Cell activation Cells, Cultured Flow cytometry Flow Cytometry - methods Hemorrhage Histamine Histology Human subjects Humans Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin E - metabolism Immunohistochemistry Inflammation mast cell Mast cells Mast Cells - metabolism Mast Cells - pathology plaque stability Plaque, Atherosclerotic - pathology Plaques Population Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit - metabolism Receptors, IgE - metabolism Surgery Tetraspanin 30 - metabolism Tryptase Veins & arteries United States > US Netherlands atherosclerosis mast cell flow cytometry tryptase plaque stability
ISSN:	2073-4409, 2073-4409
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Abstract	The presence of mast cells in human atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Mast cell activation, through the classical antigen sensitized-IgE binding to their characteristic Fcε-receptor, causes the release of their cytoplasmic granules. These granules are filled with neutral proteases such as tryptase, but also with histamine and pro-inflammatory mediators. Mast cells accumulate in high numbers within human atherosclerotic tissue, particularly in the shoulder region of the plaque. These findings are largely based on immunohistochemistry, which does not allow for the extensive characterization of these mast cells and of the local mast cell activation mechanisms. In this study, we thus aimed to develop a new flow-cytometry based methodology in order to analyze mast cells in human atherosclerosis. We enzymatically digested 22 human plaque samples, collected after femoral and carotid endarterectomy surgery, after which we prepared a single cell suspension for flow cytometry. We were able to identify a specific mast cell population expressing both CD117 and the FcεR, and observed that most of the intraplaque mast cells were activated based on their CD63 protein expression. Furthermore, most of the activated mast cells had IgE fragments bound on their surface, while another fraction showed IgE-independent activation. In conclusion, we are able to distinguish a clear mast cell population in human atherosclerotic plaques, and this study establishes a strong relationship between the presence of IgE and the activation of mast cells in advanced atherosclerosis. Our data pave the way for potential therapeutic intervention through targeting IgE-mediated actions in human atherosclerosis.
AbstractList	The presence of mast cells in human atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Mast cell activation, through the classical antigen sensitized-IgE binding to their characteristic Fcε-receptor, causes the release of their cytoplasmic granules. These granules are filled with neutral proteases such as tryptase, but also with histamine and pro-inflammatory mediators. Mast cells accumulate in high numbers within human atherosclerotic tissue, particularly in the shoulder region of the plaque. These findings are largely based on immunohistochemistry, which does not allow for the extensive characterization of these mast cells and of the local mast cell activation mechanisms. In this study, we thus aimed to develop a new flow-cytometry based methodology in order to analyze mast cells in human atherosclerosis. We enzymatically digested 22 human plaque samples, collected after femoral and carotid endarterectomy surgery, after which we prepared a single cell suspension for flow cytometry. We were able to identify a specific mast cell population expressing both CD117 and the FcεR, and observed that most of the intraplaque mast cells were activated based on their CD63 protein expression. Furthermore, most of the activated mast cells had IgE fragments bound on their surface, while another fraction showed IgE-independent activation. In conclusion, we are able to distinguish a clear mast cell population in human atherosclerotic plaques, and this study establishes a strong relationship between the presence of IgE and the activation of mast cells in advanced atherosclerosis. Our data pave the way for potential therapeutic intervention through targeting IgE-mediated actions in human atherosclerosis. The presence of mast cells in human atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Mast cell activation, through the classical antigen sensitized-IgE binding to their characteristic Fcε-receptor, causes the release of their cytoplasmic granules. These granules are filled with neutral proteases such as tryptase, but also with histamine and pro-inflammatory mediators. Mast cells accumulate in high numbers within human atherosclerotic tissue, particularly in the shoulder region of the plaque. These findings are largely based on immunohistochemistry, which does not allow for the extensive characterization of these mast cells and of the local mast cell activation mechanisms. In this study, we thus aimed to develop a new flow-cytometry based methodology in order to analyze mast cells in human atherosclerosis. We enzymatically digested 22 human plaque samples, collected after femoral and carotid endarterectomy surgery, after which we prepared a single cell suspension for flow cytometry. We were able to identify a specific mast cell population expressing both CD117 and the FcεR, and observed that most of the intraplaque mast cells were activated based on their CD63 protein expression. Furthermore, most of the activated mast cells had IgE fragments bound on their surface, while another fraction showed IgE-independent activation. In conclusion, we are able to distinguish a clear mast cell population in human atherosclerotic plaques, and this study establishes a strong relationship between the presence of IgE and the activation of mast cells in advanced atherosclerosis. Our data pave the way for potential therapeutic intervention through targeting IgE-mediated actions in human atherosclerosis.The presence of mast cells in human atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Mast cell activation, through the classical antigen sensitized-IgE binding to their characteristic Fcε-receptor, causes the release of their cytoplasmic granules. These granules are filled with neutral proteases such as tryptase, but also with histamine and pro-inflammatory mediators. Mast cells accumulate in high numbers within human atherosclerotic tissue, particularly in the shoulder region of the plaque. These findings are largely based on immunohistochemistry, which does not allow for the extensive characterization of these mast cells and of the local mast cell activation mechanisms. In this study, we thus aimed to develop a new flow-cytometry based methodology in order to analyze mast cells in human atherosclerosis. We enzymatically digested 22 human plaque samples, collected after femoral and carotid endarterectomy surgery, after which we prepared a single cell suspension for flow cytometry. We were able to identify a specific mast cell population expressing both CD117 and the FcεR, and observed that most of the intraplaque mast cells were activated based on their CD63 protein expression. Furthermore, most of the activated mast cells had IgE fragments bound on their surface, while another fraction showed IgE-independent activation. In conclusion, we are able to distinguish a clear mast cell population in human atherosclerotic plaques, and this study establishes a strong relationship between the presence of IgE and the activation of mast cells in advanced atherosclerosis. Our data pave the way for potential therapeutic intervention through targeting IgE-mediated actions in human atherosclerosis.
Author	Depuydt, Marie A.C. de Vries, Margreet R. Kuiper, Johan Smeets, Harm J. van Duijn, Janine Foks, Amanda C. Slütter, Bram Mulder, Kevin E. Smit, Marrit D. Govaert, Arthur M. Quax, Paul H.A. Kritikou, Eva Wezel, Anouk Bot, Ilze
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; m.r.de_vries@lumc.nl (M.R.d.V.); a.m.govaert@lumc.nl (A.M.G.); m.d.smit@lumc.nl (M.D.S.); p.h.a.quax@lumc.nl (P.H.A.Q.) 4 Department of Surgery, HMC Westeinde, 2512 VA The Hague, The Netherlands; a.wezel@haaglandenmc.nl (A.W.); h.smeets@haaglandenmc.nl (H.J.S.) 1 Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; e.kritikou@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (E.K.); m.a.c.depuydt@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (M.A.C.D.); kevin.evan@hotmail.com (K.E.M.); j.van.duijn@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (J.v.D.); a.c.foks@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (A.C.F.); b.a.slutter@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (B.S.); j.kuiper@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (J.K.) 3 Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; m.r.de_vries@lumc.nl (M.R.d.V.); a.m.govaert@lumc.nl (A.M.G.); m.d.smit@lumc.nl (M.D.S.); p.h.a.quax@lumc.nl (P.H.A.Q.) – name: 3 Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands – name: 4 Department of Surgery, HMC Westeinde, 2512 VA The Hague, The Netherlands; a.wezel@haaglandenmc.nl (A.W.); h.smeets@haaglandenmc.nl (H.J.S.) – name: 1 Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; e.kritikou@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (E.K.); m.a.c.depuydt@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (M.A.C.D.); kevin.evan@hotmail.com (K.E.M.); j.van.duijn@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (J.v.D.); a.c.foks@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (A.C.F.); b.a.slutter@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (B.S.); j.kuiper@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl (J.K.)
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30970663$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	atherosclerosis mast cell flow cytometry tryptase plaque stability
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SubjectTerms	Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - pathology CD63 antigen Cell activation Cells, Cultured Flow cytometry Flow Cytometry - methods Hemorrhage Histamine Histology Human subjects Humans Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin E - metabolism Immunohistochemistry Inflammation mast cell Mast cells Mast Cells - metabolism Mast Cells - pathology plaque stability Plaque, Atherosclerotic - pathology Plaques Population Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit - metabolism Receptors, IgE - metabolism Surgery Tetraspanin 30 - metabolism Tryptase Veins & arteries
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Title	Flow Cytometry-Based Characterization of Mast Cells in Human Atherosclerosis
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