Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) forms a cluster of metabolic dysregulations including insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. The pathogenesis of MetS encompasses multiple genetic and acquired entities that fall under the umbrella of insulin resistance and chronic...

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Vydané v:International journal of molecular sciences Ročník 23; číslo 2; s. 786
Hlavní autori: Fahed, Gracia, Aoun, Laurence, Bou Zerdan, Morgan, Allam, Sabine, Bou Zerdan, Maroun, Bouferraa, Youssef, Assi, Hazem I.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland MDPI AG 12.01.2022
MDPI
Predmet:
Abdomen
Biomarkers
Blood pressure
Body fat
Cholesterol
Chronic Disease
Diabetes
Disease
Disease Management
Disease Susceptibility
Epidemiology
Glucose
High density lipoprotein
Hormones
Humans
Hypertension
Inflammation - complications
Inflammation - etiology
Inflammation - metabolism
Insulin Resistance
Lipoproteins
Liver
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis
Metabolic Syndrome - etiology
Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism
Metabolic Syndrome - therapy
Mitochondria - genetics
Mitochondria - metabolism
Obesity
Organ Specificity
Pathophysiology
Prevalence
Public Health Surveillance
Review
Womens health
United States > US
metabolic syndrome
insulin resistance
nutraceuticals
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
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Popis
Shrnutí:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) forms a cluster of metabolic dysregulations including insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. The pathogenesis of MetS encompasses multiple genetic and acquired entities that fall under the umbrella of insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. If left untreated, MetS is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Given that CVDs constitute by far the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, it has become essential to investigate the role played by MetS in this context to reduce the heavy burden of the disease. As such, and while MetS relatively constitutes a novel clinical entity, the extent of research about the disease has been exponentially growing in the past few decades. However, many aspects of this clinical entity are still not completely understood, and many questions remain unanswered to date. In this review, we provide a historical background and highlight the epidemiology of MetS. We also discuss the current and latest knowledge about the histopathology and pathophysiology of the disease. Finally, we summarize the most recent updates about the management and the prevention of this clinical syndrome.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23020786