Parent–child interaction therapy in the treatment of children who stutter: a single-subject longitudinal study

Background The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the severity and degree of stuttering in young children to be used as a treatment program for young children who stutter. Methods A longitudinal m...

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Veröffentlicht in:	The Egyptian journal of otolaryngology Jg. 40; H. 1; S. 156 - 8
Hauptverfasser:	Belal, Manar, Amer, Ayman, Abou-Elsaad, Tamer
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2024 Springer Springer Nature B.V SpringerOpen
Schlagworte:	Anxiety Behavior Care and treatment Children Children & youth Communication Communicative disorders in children Confidence Dysfluency disorders Families & family life Health aspects Indirect therapy Language Longitudinal studies Medicine Medicine & Public Health Original Article Parents & parenting PCIT Preschool children Preschool education Speaking Speech Stuttering Stuttering in young children Surgery Training Canada Indirect therapy PCIT Dysfluency disorders Stuttering in young children
ISSN:	2090-8539, 1012-5574, 2090-8539
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Abstract	Background The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the severity and degree of stuttering in young children to be used as a treatment program for young children who stutter. Methods A longitudinal multiple single-subject study was conducted on 16 Arabic-speaking Egyptian children aged 4–7 years who stutter. All parents and children were evaluated during the first clinic visit to assess stuttering and to start the clinic-based therapy. After six weeks, a follow-up was done. After three months of the home-based therapy program, a re-assessment of the degree and severity of stuttering was done using the Bloodstein classification of stuttering severity and Stuttering Severity Instrument-3 (SSI3). Results Mean SSI3 pre-therapy was 17.5 and decreased to 11 post-therapy. Before therapy, most cases were moderate stuttering 68.8%, 25% were mild, and 6.3% were severe; after treatment, most cases became mild stuttering (75%), 12.5% became very mild, and 12.5% became moderate stuttering according to SSI3 scores, also mean Bloodstein pre-therapy was II and decreased to I post-therapy. Conclusion An indirect home-based program, including PCIT, efficiently reduces the severity and degree of stuttering in young children and justifies its use as a treatment program for children who stutter.
AbstractList	The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the severity and degree of stuttering in young children to be used as a treatment program for young children who stutter. A longitudinal multiple single-subject study was conducted on 16 Arabic-speaking Egyptian children aged 4-7 years who stutter. All parents and children were evaluated during the first clinic visit to assess stuttering and to start the clinic-based therapy. After six weeks, a follow-up was done. After three months of the home-based therapy program, a re-assessment of the degree and severity of stuttering was done using the Bloodstein classification of stuttering severity and Stuttering Severity Instrument-3 (SSI3). Mean SSI3 pre-therapy was 17.5 and decreased to 11 post-therapy. Before therapy, most cases were moderate stuttering 68.8%, 25% were mild, and 6.3% were severe; after treatment, most cases became mild stuttering (75%), 12.5% became very mild, and 12.5% became moderate stuttering according to SSI3 scores, also mean Bloodstein pre-therapy was II and decreased to I post-therapy. An indirect home-based program, including PCIT, efficiently reduces the severity and degree of stuttering in young children and justifies its use as a treatment program for children who stutter. Background The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the severity and degree of stuttering in young children to be used as a treatment program for young children who stutter. Methods A longitudinal multiple single-subject study was conducted on 16 Arabic-speaking Egyptian children aged 4-7 years who stutter. All parents and children were evaluated during the first clinic visit to assess stuttering and to start the clinic-based therapy. After six weeks, a follow-up was done. After three months of the home-based therapy program, a re-assessment of the degree and severity of stuttering was done using the Bloodstein classification of stuttering severity and Stuttering Severity Instrument-3 (SSI3). Results Mean SSI3 pre-therapy was 17.5 and decreased to 11 post-therapy. Before therapy, most cases were moderate stuttering 68.8%, 25% were mild, and 6.3% were severe; after treatment, most cases became mild stuttering (75%), 12.5% became very mild, and 12.5% became moderate stuttering according to SSI3 scores, also mean Bloodstein pre-therapy was II and decreased to I post-therapy. Conclusion An indirect home-based program, including PCIT, efficiently reduces the severity and degree of stuttering in young children and justifies its use as a treatment program for children who stutter. BackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the severity and degree of stuttering in young children to be used as a treatment program for young children who stutter.MethodsA longitudinal multiple single-subject study was conducted on 16 Arabic-speaking Egyptian children aged 4–7 years who stutter. All parents and children were evaluated during the first clinic visit to assess stuttering and to start the clinic-based therapy. After six weeks, a follow-up was done. After three months of the home-based therapy program, a re-assessment of the degree and severity of stuttering was done using the Bloodstein classification of stuttering severity and Stuttering Severity Instrument-3 (SSI3).ResultsMean SSI3 pre-therapy was 17.5 and decreased to 11 post-therapy. Before therapy, most cases were moderate stuttering 68.8%, 25% were mild, and 6.3% were severe; after treatment, most cases became mild stuttering (75%), 12.5% became very mild, and 12.5% became moderate stuttering according to SSI3 scores, also mean Bloodstein pre-therapy was II and decreased to I post-therapy.ConclusionAn indirect home-based program, including PCIT, efficiently reduces the severity and degree of stuttering in young children and justifies its use as a treatment program for children who stutter. Abstract Background The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the severity and degree of stuttering in young children to be used as a treatment program for young children who stutter. Methods A longitudinal multiple single-subject study was conducted on 16 Arabic-speaking Egyptian children aged 4–7 years who stutter. All parents and children were evaluated during the first clinic visit to assess stuttering and to start the clinic-based therapy. After six weeks, a follow-up was done. After three months of the home-based therapy program, a re-assessment of the degree and severity of stuttering was done using the Bloodstein classification of stuttering severity and Stuttering Severity Instrument-3 (SSI3). Results Mean SSI3 pre-therapy was 17.5 and decreased to 11 post-therapy. Before therapy, most cases were moderate stuttering 68.8%, 25% were mild, and 6.3% were severe; after treatment, most cases became mild stuttering (75%), 12.5% became very mild, and 12.5% became moderate stuttering according to SSI3 scores, also mean Bloodstein pre-therapy was II and decreased to I post-therapy. Conclusion An indirect home-based program, including PCIT, efficiently reduces the severity and degree of stuttering in young children and justifies its use as a treatment program for children who stutter. Background The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the severity and degree of stuttering in young children to be used as a treatment program for young children who stutter. Methods A longitudinal multiple single-subject study was conducted on 16 Arabic-speaking Egyptian children aged 4–7 years who stutter. All parents and children were evaluated during the first clinic visit to assess stuttering and to start the clinic-based therapy. After six weeks, a follow-up was done. After three months of the home-based therapy program, a re-assessment of the degree and severity of stuttering was done using the Bloodstein classification of stuttering severity and Stuttering Severity Instrument-3 (SSI3). Results Mean SSI3 pre-therapy was 17.5 and decreased to 11 post-therapy. Before therapy, most cases were moderate stuttering 68.8%, 25% were mild, and 6.3% were severe; after treatment, most cases became mild stuttering (75%), 12.5% became very mild, and 12.5% became moderate stuttering according to SSI3 scores, also mean Bloodstein pre-therapy was II and decreased to I post-therapy. Conclusion An indirect home-based program, including PCIT, efficiently reduces the severity and degree of stuttering in young children and justifies its use as a treatment program for children who stutter.
ArticleNumber	156
Audience	Professional Academic
Author	Belal, Manar Abou-Elsaad, Tamer Amer, Ayman
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References	MillardSKNicholasACookFMIs Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Effective in Reducing Stuttering?J Speech Lang Hear Res200851363665010.1044/1092-4388(2008/046)18506041 MillardSKEdwardsSCookFMParent-child interaction therapy: Adding to the evidenceInt J Speech Lang Pathol2009111617610.1080/17549500802603895 SmithAWeberCHow stuttering develops: The multifactorial dynamic pathways theoryJ Speech Lang Hear Res20176092483250510.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0343288377285831617 KeatingDTurrellGOzanneAChildhood speech disorders: Reported prevalence, comorbidity and socioeconomic profileJournal of pediatrics and child health20013754314361:STN:280:DC%2BD387ltl2qtA%3D%3D10.1046/j.1440-1754.2001.00697.x GuitarBParent verbal interactions and speech rate: A case study in stutteringJ Speech Lang Hear Res19923547427541:STN:280:DyaK3s%2Fit1GqsQ%3D%3D10.1044/jshr.3504.742 YarussJSColemanCHammerDTreating Preschool Children Who Stutter: Description and Preliminary Evaluation of a Family-Focused Treatment ApproachLang Speech Hear Serv Sch200637211813610.1044/0161-1461(2006/014)16646215 Ratner NB, Guitar B. Treatment of very early stuttering and parent-administered therapy: The state of the art. Current issues in stuttering research and practice. 2014:99-124 KhodeirMSExploring stuttering severity in the Egyptian Arabic speaking children who stutter: A correlation study of Bloodstein classification of stuttering severity and the stuttering severity instrument for children and Adults-Arabic VersionInt J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol2019125384310.1016/j.ijporl.2019.06.01431252197 WaldenTADual diathesis-stressor model of emotional and linguistic contributions to developmental stutteringJ Abnorm Child Psychol201240463364410.1007/s10802-011-9581-8220162003740566 SugathanNMaruthySPredictive factors for persistence and recovery of stuttering in children: A systematic reviewInt J Speech Lang Pathol202123435937110.1080/17549507.2020.181271832933336 Howell P, Davis S, Williams R. Late childhood stuttering. 2008 Franken MC, Putker-de Bruijn D. Restart-DCM method. Treatment protocol developed within the scope of the ZonMW project Cost-effectiveness of the Demands and Capacities Model based treatment compared to the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention: Randomised trial. http://www.nedverstottertherapie.nl. 2007 CostaJBRisk factors for the development of persistent stuttering: what every pediatrician should knowInt J Environ Res Public Health2022199522510.3390/ijerph19095225355646199101135 Yaruss JS, Reardon-Reeves N. Early childhood stuttering therapy: A practical guide. Stuttering Therapy Resources, Incorporated; 2017 Bloodstein O, Ratner NB, Brundage SB. A handbook on stuttering. Plural Publishing; 2021 ShafieiBEffects of the Lidcombe program and parent-child interaction therapy on stuttering reduction in preschool childrenFolia Phoniatr Logop2019711294110.1159/00049391530541009 McKinnonDHMcLeodSReillySThe Prevalence of Stuttering, Voice, and Speech-Sound Disorders in Primary School Students in AustraliaLang Speech Hear Serv Sch200738151510.1044/0161-1461(2007/002)17218532 LucFStuttering: A neurophysiological perspectiveStuttering Research and Practice1999Psychology Press85102 BaumrindDThe influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance useThe journal of early adolescence1991111569510.1177/0272431691111004 de Sonneville-KoedootCDirect versus indirect treatment for preschool children who stutter: The RESTART randomized trialPLoS ONE201510710.1371/journal.pone.0133758262182284517884 NippoldMAStuttering and PhonologyAm J Speech Lang Pathol20021129911010.1044/1058-0360(2002/011) Van Riper CG. The treatment of stuttering. 1973 KlothSAPersistence and remission of incipient stuttering among high-risk childrenJ Fluency Disord199924425326510.1016/S0094-730X(99)00016-9 HallKDAmirOYairiEA longitudinal investigation of speaking rate in preschool children who stutterJ Speech Lang Hear Res1999426136713771:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Fms1KjsA%3D%3D10.1044/jslhr.4206.136710599619 UnicombRPrevalence and features of comorbid stuttering and speech sound disorder at age 4 yearsJ Commun Disord20208410.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.10597632092590 Guitar B. Stuttering: An integrated approach to its nature and treatment. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013 AmbroseNGCoxNJYairiEThe genetic basis of persistence and recovery in stutteringJ Speech Lang Hear Res19974035675801:STN:280:DyaK2szltlyktg%3D%3D10.1044/jslhr.4003.5679210115 RatnerNBCaregiver-Child Interactions and Their Impact on Children’s FluencyLang Speech Hear Serv Sch2004351465610.1044/0161-1461(2004/006)15049419 SmithAKellyEStuttering: A dynamic, multifactorial modelNature and treatment of stuttering: New directions19972204217 NippoldMAStuttering in preschool children: Direct versus indirect treatmentLang Speech Hear Serv Sch201849141210.1044/2017_LSHSS-17-006629322186 FrankenMCJKielstraCJBoelensHExperimental treatment of early stuttering: A preliminary studyJ Fluency Disord.200530318919910.1016/j.jfludis.2005.05.00216023710 Yairi E, Seery CH (2021) Stuttering: Foundations and clinical applications. 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References_xml	– reference: HallKDAmirOYairiEA longitudinal investigation of speaking rate in preschool children who stutterJ Speech Lang Hear Res1999426136713771:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Fms1KjsA%3D%3D10.1044/jslhr.4206.136710599619 – reference: KeatingDTurrellGOzanneAChildhood speech disorders: Reported prevalence, comorbidity and socioeconomic profileJournal of pediatrics and child health20013754314361:STN:280:DC%2BD387ltl2qtA%3D%3D10.1046/j.1440-1754.2001.00697.x – reference: SmithAKellyEStuttering: A dynamic, multifactorial modelNature and treatment of stuttering: New directions19972204217 – reference: CostaJBRisk factors for the development of persistent stuttering: what every pediatrician should knowInt J Environ Res Public Health2022199522510.3390/ijerph19095225355646199101135 – reference: McKinnonDHMcLeodSReillySThe Prevalence of Stuttering, Voice, and Speech-Sound Disorders in Primary School Students in AustraliaLang Speech Hear Serv Sch200738151510.1044/0161-1461(2007/002)17218532 – reference: KlothSAPersistence and remission of incipient stuttering among high-risk childrenJ Fluency Disord199924425326510.1016/S0094-730X(99)00016-9 – reference: YarussJSColemanCHammerDTreating Preschool Children Who Stutter: Description and Preliminary Evaluation of a Family-Focused Treatment ApproachLang Speech Hear Serv Sch200637211813610.1044/0161-1461(2006/014)16646215 – reference: ShafieiBEffects of the Lidcombe program and parent-child interaction therapy on stuttering reduction in preschool childrenFolia Phoniatr Logop2019711294110.1159/00049391530541009 – reference: GuitarBParent verbal interactions and speech rate: A case study in stutteringJ Speech Lang Hear Res19923547427541:STN:280:DyaK3s%2Fit1GqsQ%3D%3D10.1044/jshr.3504.742 – reference: Van Riper CG. The treatment of stuttering. 1973 – reference: NippoldMAStuttering and PhonologyAm J Speech Lang Pathol20021129911010.1044/1058-0360(2002/011) – reference: SmithAWeberCHow stuttering develops: The multifactorial dynamic pathways theoryJ Speech Lang Hear Res20176092483250510.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0343288377285831617 – reference: FrankenMCJKielstraCJBoelensHExperimental treatment of early stuttering: A preliminary studyJ Fluency Disord.200530318919910.1016/j.jfludis.2005.05.00216023710 – reference: de Sonneville-KoedootCDirect versus indirect treatment for preschool children who stutter: The RESTART randomized trialPLoS ONE201510710.1371/journal.pone.0133758262182284517884 – reference: WaldenTADual diathesis-stressor model of emotional and linguistic contributions to developmental stutteringJ Abnorm Child Psychol201240463364410.1007/s10802-011-9581-8220162003740566 – reference: UnicombRPrevalence and features of comorbid stuttering and speech sound disorder at age 4 yearsJ Commun Disord20208410.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.10597632092590 – reference: SugathanNMaruthySPredictive factors for persistence and recovery of stuttering in children: A systematic reviewInt J Speech Lang Pathol202123435937110.1080/17549507.2020.181271832933336 – reference: Guitar B. 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Snippet	Background The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the... Background The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the... The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the severity and... BackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), in reducing the... Abstract Background The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the indirect home-based program, including parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), in...
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SubjectTerms	Anxiety Behavior Care and treatment Children Children & youth Communication Communicative disorders in children Confidence Dysfluency disorders Families & family life Health aspects Indirect therapy Language Longitudinal studies Medicine Medicine & Public Health Original Article Parents & parenting PCIT Preschool children Preschool education Speaking Speech Stuttering Stuttering in young children Surgery Training
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Title	Parent–child interaction therapy in the treatment of children who stutter: a single-subject longitudinal study
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