Metagenomic Sequencing for Microbial DNA in Human Samples: Emerging Technological Advances

Whole genome metagenomic sequencing is a powerful platform enabling the simultaneous identification of all genes from entirely different kingdoms of organisms in a complex sample. This technology has revolutionised multiple areas from microbiome research to clinical diagnoses. However, one of the ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 4; p. 2181
Main Authors: Shi, Yu, Wang, Guoping, Lau, Harry Cheuk-Hay, Yu, Jun
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.02.2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Acids
Bacteria
DNA - genetics
Efficiency
Fungi
Genomes
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing - methods
Humans
Metagenome
Metagenomics - methods
Microorganisms
Pathogens
Reagents
Review
Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods
Technology
Viruses
host DNA depletion
clinical metagenomics
high throughput sequencing
human microbiome
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Whole genome metagenomic sequencing is a powerful platform enabling the simultaneous identification of all genes from entirely different kingdoms of organisms in a complex sample. This technology has revolutionised multiple areas from microbiome research to clinical diagnoses. However, one of the major challenges of a metagenomic study is the overwhelming non-microbial DNA present in most of the host-derived specimens, which can inundate the microbial signals and reduce the sensitivity of microorganism detection. Various host DNA depletion methods to facilitate metagenomic sequencing have been developed and have received considerable attention in this context. In this review, we present an overview of current host DNA depletion approaches along with explanations of their underlying principles, advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss their applications in laboratory microbiome research and clinical diagnoses and, finally, we envisage the direction of the further perfection of metagenomic sequencing in samples with overabundant host DNA.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23042181