Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis

Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal...

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Vydáno v:International journal of molecular sciences Ročník 23; číslo 3; s. 1105
Hlavní autoři: Portincasa, Piero, Bonfrate, Leonilde, Vacca, Mirco, De Angelis, Maria, Farella, Ilaria, Lanza, Elisa, Khalil, Mohamad, Wang, David Q.-H., Sperandio, Markus, Di Ciaula, Agostino
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.01.2022
MDPI
Témata:
Animals
Bacteria
Bacteria - metabolism
Carbohydrates
Colon
Diabetes
Dietary fiber
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism
Feces
Fermentation
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Glucose
Glucose - metabolism
Gut microbiota
Homeostasis
Humans
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Peptides
Proteins
Review
glucose homeostasis
fiber
intestine
diet
bacteria
metabolome
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
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Shrnutí:Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23031105