Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis

Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 3; p. 1105
Main Authors: Portincasa, Piero, Bonfrate, Leonilde, Vacca, Mirco, De Angelis, Maria, Farella, Ilaria, Lanza, Elisa, Khalil, Mohamad, Wang, David Q.-H., Sperandio, Markus, Di Ciaula, Agostino
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.01.2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria
Bacteria - metabolism
Carbohydrates
Colon
Diabetes
Dietary fiber
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism
Feces
Fermentation
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Glucose
Glucose - metabolism
Gut microbiota
Homeostasis
Humans
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Peptides
Proteins
Review
glucose homeostasis
fiber
intestine
diet
bacteria
metabolome
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23031105