Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis

MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulu...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of molecular sciences Jg. 21; H. 7; S. 2346
Hauptverfasser: Yue, Jicheng, López, José M.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 28.03.2020
MDPI
Schlagworte:
Animals
Apoptosis
Cell growth
Cytochrome
Enzyme Activation
Genes
Humans
Kinases
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Mitochondria
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
Osmotic Pressure
Phosphatase
Phosphorylation
Proteins
Review
Transcription factors
feedback loops
signaling
p38
oocytes
JNK
protein kinases
apoptosis
MAPK
caspases
ERK
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs’ behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21072346