Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis

MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulu...

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Veröffentlicht in:	International journal of molecular sciences Jg. 21; H. 7; S. 2346
Hauptverfasser:	Yue, Jicheng, López, José M.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Switzerland MDPI AG 28.03.2020 MDPI
Schlagworte:	Animals Apoptosis Cell growth Cytochrome Enzyme Activation Genes Humans Kinases MAP Kinase Signaling System Mitochondria Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism Osmotic Pressure Phosphatase Phosphorylation Proteins Review Transcription factors feedback loops signaling p38 oocytes JNK protein kinases apoptosis MAPK caspases ERK
ISSN:	1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs’ behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.
AbstractList	MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs’ behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions. MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs' behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions. MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs' behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs' behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.
Author	López, José M. Yue, Jicheng
AuthorAffiliation	2 Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain 1 School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; jicheng_yue@suda.edu.cn
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; jicheng_yue@suda.edu.cn – name: 2 Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jicheng surname: Yue fullname: Yue, Jicheng – sequence: 2 givenname: José M. surname: López fullname: López, José M.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32231094$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Apoptosis Cell growth Cytochrome Enzyme Activation Genes Humans Kinases MAP Kinase Signaling System Mitochondria Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism Osmotic Pressure Phosphatase Phosphorylation Proteins Review Transcription factors
Title	Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis
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