Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease in the Current State: A Narrative Review

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a problem, owing to its high prevalence in an aging society with no treatment available after onset. However, early diagnosis is essential for preventive intervention to delay disease onset due to its slow progression. The current AD diagnostic methods are typical...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 9; p. 4962
Main Authors: Gunes, Serafettin, Aizawa, Yumi, Sugashi, Takuma, Sugimoto, Masahiro, Rodrigues, Pedro Pereira
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.04.2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Accuracy
Aging
Alzheimer's disease
Biomarkers
Cognitive ability
Dementia
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical prognosis
Memory
Patients
Review
Tomography
Trends
low or non-invasively
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
machine-learning classification
biomarkers
ISSN:1422-0067, 1661-6596, 1422-0067
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a problem, owing to its high prevalence in an aging society with no treatment available after onset. However, early diagnosis is essential for preventive intervention to delay disease onset due to its slow progression. The current AD diagnostic methods are typically invasive and expensive, limiting their potential for widespread use. Thus, the development of biomarkers in available biofluids, such as blood, urine, and saliva, which enables low or non-invasive, reasonable, and objective evaluation of AD status, is an urgent task. Here, we reviewed studies that examined biomarker candidates for the early detection of AD. Some of the candidates showed potential biomarkers, but further validation studies are needed. We also reviewed studies for non-invasive biomarkers of AD. Given the complexity of the AD continuum, multiple biomarkers with machine-learning-classification methods have been recently used to enhance diagnostic accuracy and characterize individual AD phenotypes. Artificial intelligence and new body fluid-based biomarkers, in combination with other risk factors, will provide a novel solution that may revolutionize the early diagnosis of AD.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23094962