The ability of abaxial and adaxial epidermis of sun and shade leaves to attenuate UV-A and UV-B radiation in relation to the UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts
The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A310 cm−2 and A365 cm−2 or AUVR cm−2) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region (Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Physiologia plantarum Jg. 117; H. 1; S. 33 - 43 |
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| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Oxford, UK
Munksgaard International Publishers
01.01.2003
Blackwell |
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| ISSN: | 0031-9317, 1399-3054, 1399-3054 |
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| Abstract | The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A310 cm−2 and A365 cm−2 or AUVR cm−2) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region (Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of the same species. However, fibre optic microprobe measurements showed that adaxial as well as abaxial epidermis of shade leaves of all examined plants, except abaxial epidermis of A. andrachne, were almost as effective as the corresponding ones of the sun leaves in screening out most of the incident UV‐B radiation. There is probably a threshold, under which the concentration of the UV‐B absorbing compounds in the protective tissues is not furthermore reduced, in spite of the low levels of the stress factor (UV‐B radiation) in the environment. On the other hand, the ability of both abaxial and adaxial epidermis to attenuate UV‐A radiation, except of adaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus species, depended on the UV absorbing capacity of the whole‐leaf extracts, with different correlation patterns between the two Quercus species and the two Arbutus species. This could be explained by the fact that shade leaves showed not only quantitative, but also qualitative differences (higher A310/A365 ratio) in the absorbance of their methanolic extracts compared to these of sun leaves. The results of the present study showed that we should not always correlate the depth of penetration of UV radiation into sun and shade leaves according to the corresponding UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts, without taking into account all the anatomical, developmental and biochemical (such as different composition and distribution of the UV‐absorbing compounds among the different protective tissues) peculiarities of the leaves of each species. |
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| AbstractList | The UV-absorbing capacity (measured as A(310) cm(-2) and A(365) cm(-2) or AUVR cm(-2)) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region (Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of the same species. However, fibre optic microprobe measurements showed that adaxial as well as abaxial epidermis of shade leaves of all examined plants, except abaxial epidermis of A. andrachne, were almost as effective as the corresponding ones of the sun leaves in screening out most of the incident UV-B radiation. There is probably a threshold, under which the concentration of the UV-B absorbing compounds in the protective tissues is not furthermore reduced, in spite of the low levels of the stress factor (UV-B radiation) in the environment. On the other hand, the ability of both abaxial and adaxial epidermis to attenuate UV-A radiation, except of adaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus species, depended on theUV absorbing capacity of the whole-leaf extracts, with different correlation patterns between the two Quercus species and the two Arbutus species. This could be explained by the fact that shade leaves showed not only quantitative, but also qualitative differences (higher A(310)/A(365) ratio) in the absorbance of their methanolic extracts compared to these of sun leaves. The results of the present study showed that we should not always correlate the depth of penetration of UV radiation into sun and shade leaves according to the corresponding UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts, without taking into account all the anatomical, developmental and biochemical (such as different composition and distribution of the UV-absorbing compounds among the different protective tissues) peculiarities of the leaves of each species. The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A310 cm−2 and A365 cm−2 or AUVR cm−2) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region (Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of the same species. However, fibre optic microprobe measurements showed that adaxial as well as abaxial epidermis of shade leaves of all examined plants, except abaxial epidermis of A. andrachne, were almost as effective as the corresponding ones of the sun leaves in screening out most of the incident UV‐B radiation. There is probably a threshold, under which the concentration of the UV‐B absorbing compounds in the protective tissues is not furthermore reduced, in spite of the low levels of the stress factor (UV‐B radiation) in the environment. On the other hand, the ability of both abaxial and adaxial epidermis to attenuate UV‐A radiation, except of adaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus species, depended on the UV absorbing capacity of the whole‐leaf extracts, with different correlation patterns between the two Quercus species and the two Arbutus species. This could be explained by the fact that shade leaves showed not only quantitative, but also qualitative differences (higher A310/A365 ratio) in the absorbance of their methanolic extracts compared to these of sun leaves. The results of the present study showed that we should not always correlate the depth of penetration of UV radiation into sun and shade leaves according to the corresponding UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts, without taking into account all the anatomical, developmental and biochemical (such as different composition and distribution of the UV‐absorbing compounds among the different protective tissues) peculiarities of the leaves of each species. The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A 310 cm −2 and A 365 cm −2 or A UVR cm −2 ) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region ( Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo ) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of the same species. However, fibre optic microprobe measurements showed that adaxial as well as abaxial epidermis of shade leaves of all examined plants, except abaxial epidermis of A. andrachne , were almost as effective as the corresponding ones of the sun leaves in screening out most of the incident UV‐B radiation. There is probably a threshold, under which the concentration of the UV‐B absorbing compounds in the protective tissues is not furthermore reduced, in spite of the low levels of the stress factor (UV‐B radiation) in the environment. On the other hand, the ability of both abaxial and adaxial epidermis to attenuate UV‐A radiation, except of adaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus species, depended on the UV absorbing capacity of the whole‐leaf extracts, with different correlation patterns between the two Quercus species and the two Arbutus species. This could be explained by the fact that shade leaves showed not only quantitative, but also qualitative differences (higher A 310 /A 365 ratio) in the absorbance of their methanolic extracts compared to these of sun leaves. The results of the present study showed that we should not always correlate the depth of penetration of UV radiation into sun and shade leaves according to the corresponding UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts, without taking into account all the anatomical, developmental and biochemical (such as different composition and distribution of the UV‐absorbing compounds among the different protective tissues) peculiarities of the leaves of each species. |
| Author | Karabourniotis, George Liakoura, Vally Bornman, Janet F. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vally surname: Liakoura fullname: Liakoura, Vally organization: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Botanikos, Athens, Greece – sequence: 2 givenname: Janet F. surname: Bornman fullname: Bornman, Janet F. organization: Department of Plant Physiology, Lund University, Box 117, S-22100 Lund, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: George surname: Karabourniotis fullname: Karabourniotis, George organization: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Botanikos, Athens, Greece |
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| Keywords | Photoprotector UVA radiation UVB radiation Plant leaf Quercus ilex Fagaceae Anatomy Transmittance Evergreen plant Arbutus unedo Absorbance Quercus coccifera Dicotyledones Light Angiospermae Spermatophyta Ericaceae Photoprotection |
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Plant Physiol 74: 475-480 Sims DA, Pearcy RW (1989) Photosynthetic characteristics of a tropical forest understory herb, Alocasia macrorrhiza, and a related crop species, Colocasia esculenta, grown in contrasting light environments. Oecologia 79: 53-59 Day TA, Martin G, Vogelmann TC (1993) Penetration of UV-B radiation in foliage: evidence that the epidermis behaves as non-uniform filter. Plant Cell Environ 16: 735-741 DeLucia EH, Day TA, Vogelmann TC (1992) Ultraviolet-B and visible light penetration into needles of two species of subalpine conifers during foliar development. Plant Cell Environ 15: 921-929 Tevini M, Braun J, Fieser G (1991) The protective function of the epidermal layer of rye seedlings against ultraviolet-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol 53: 329-333 Keinänen M, Julkunen-Tiitto R (1996) Effects of sample preparation method on birch (Betula pendula Roth.) leaf phenolics. J Agric Food Chem 44: 2724-2727 Boardman NK (1977) Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 28: 355-377 Bornman JF, Vogelmann TC (1991) Effects of UV-B radiation on leaf optical properties measured with fibre optics. J Exp Bot 42: 547-554 Grammatikopoulos G, Petropoulou Y, Manetas Y (1999) Site-dependent differences in transmittance and UV-B-absorbing capacity of isolated leaf epidermis and mesophyll in Urginea maritima (L.) Baker. J Exp Bot 50: 517-521 Ntefidou M, Manetas Y (1996) Optical properties of hairs during the early stages of leaf development in Platanus orientalis. Aust J Plant Physiol 23: 535-538 Cen Y-P, Bornman JF (1993) The effect of exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation on the penetration of monochromatic and polychromatic UV-B radiation in leaves of Brassica napus. Physiol Plant 87: 249-255 Wellburn AR (1994) The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. J Plant Physiol 144: 307-313 Hoque E, Remus G (1999) Natural UV-screening mechanisms in Norway spruce. Photochem Photobiol 69: 177-192 1997; 80 1977; 28 1978; 32 1983; 6 1997; 48 1991; 53 1986; 37 1999; 43 1992; 15 1995; 131 1998; 85 1983; 58 1994; 21 2001; 87 1990; 41 1992; 92 1994; 144 2001 1990 1986; 8 1988; 47 1991; 42 1995; 22 1996; 132 1994; 37 1999; 50 1992; 86 1989; 79 1996; 23 1996; 19 1997; 20 1993; 87 1999; 26 1997; 23 1999; 69 1996 1999; 22 1995; 116 1993 2001; 27 1993; 103 1999; 105 1999 2001; 111 1984; 74 1997; 128 1993; 16 1993; 95 1997; 38 1994; 92 1996; 44 e_1_2_6_51_1 Wand SJE (e_1_2_6_52_1) 1995; 116 e_1_2_6_53_1 e_1_2_6_32_1 e_1_2_6_30_1 e_1_2_6_19_1 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_36_1 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_34_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 e_1_2_6_38_1 e_1_2_6_20_1 e_1_2_6_41_1 e_1_2_6_9_1 Rozema J (e_1_2_6_43_1) 1997; 128 Barnes JD (e_1_2_6_4_1) 1996 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_24_1 e_1_2_6_49_1 e_1_2_6_3_1 e_1_2_6_22_1 e_1_2_6_28_1 e_1_2_6_26_1 e_1_2_6_47_1 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_31_1 e_1_2_6_50_1 Murali NS (e_1_2_6_39_1) 1988; 47 Meijkamp B (e_1_2_6_35_1) 1999 e_1_2_6_14_1 e_1_2_6_12_1 e_1_2_6_33_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 e_1_2_6_37_1 e_1_2_6_42_1 e_1_2_6_21_1 e_1_2_6_40_1 e_1_2_6_8_1 Shaath NA (e_1_2_6_45_1) 1990 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_25_1 e_1_2_6_48_1 e_1_2_6_23_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_29_1 e_1_2_6_44_1 e_1_2_6_27_1 e_1_2_6_46_1 |
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| Snippet | The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A310 cm−2 and A365 cm−2 or AUVR cm−2) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the... The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A 310 cm −2 and A 365 cm −2 or A UVR cm −2 ) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the... The UV-absorbing capacity (measured as A(310) cm(-2) and A(365) cm(-2) or AUVR cm(-2)) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biologi Biological and medical sciences Biological Sciences Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on plants and fungi Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Metabolism Natural Sciences Naturvetenskap Photosynthesis, respiration. Anabolism, catabolism Plant physiology and development |
| Title | The ability of abaxial and adaxial epidermis of sun and shade leaves to attenuate UV-A and UV-B radiation in relation to the UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts |
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