The ability of abaxial and adaxial epidermis of sun and shade leaves to attenuate UV-A and UV-B radiation in relation to the UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts

The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A310 cm−2 and A365 cm−2 or AUVR cm−2) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region (Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of t...

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Veröffentlicht in:Physiologia plantarum Jg. 117; H. 1; S. 33 - 43
Hauptverfasser: Liakoura, Vally, Bornman, Janet F., Karabourniotis, George
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 01.01.2003
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ISSN:0031-9317, 1399-3054, 1399-3054
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Abstract The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A310 cm−2 and A365 cm−2 or AUVR cm−2) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region (Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of the same species. However, fibre optic microprobe measurements showed that adaxial as well as abaxial epidermis of shade leaves of all examined plants, except abaxial epidermis of A. andrachne, were almost as effective as the corresponding ones of the sun leaves in screening out most of the incident UV‐B radiation. There is probably a threshold, under which the concentration of the UV‐B absorbing compounds in the protective tissues is not furthermore reduced, in spite of the low levels of the stress factor (UV‐B radiation) in the environment. On the other hand, the ability of both abaxial and adaxial epidermis to attenuate UV‐A radiation, except of adaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus species, depended on the UV absorbing capacity of the whole‐leaf extracts, with different correlation patterns between the two Quercus species and the two Arbutus species. This could be explained by the fact that shade leaves showed not only quantitative, but also qualitative differences (higher A310/A365 ratio) in the absorbance of their methanolic extracts compared to these of sun leaves. The results of the present study showed that we should not always correlate the depth of penetration of UV radiation into sun and shade leaves according to the corresponding UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts, without taking into account all the anatomical, developmental and biochemical (such as different composition and distribution of the UV‐absorbing compounds among the different protective tissues) peculiarities of the leaves of each species.
AbstractList The UV-absorbing capacity (measured as A(310) cm(-2) and A(365) cm(-2) or AUVR cm(-2)) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region (Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of the same species. However, fibre optic microprobe measurements showed that adaxial as well as abaxial epidermis of shade leaves of all examined plants, except abaxial epidermis of A. andrachne, were almost as effective as the corresponding ones of the sun leaves in screening out most of the incident UV-B radiation. There is probably a threshold, under which the concentration of the UV-B absorbing compounds in the protective tissues is not furthermore reduced, in spite of the low levels of the stress factor (UV-B radiation) in the environment. On the other hand, the ability of both abaxial and adaxial epidermis to attenuate UV-A radiation, except of adaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus species, depended on theUV absorbing capacity of the whole-leaf extracts, with different correlation patterns between the two Quercus species and the two Arbutus species. This could be explained by the fact that shade leaves showed not only quantitative, but also qualitative differences (higher A(310)/A(365) ratio) in the absorbance of their methanolic extracts compared to these of sun leaves. The results of the present study showed that we should not always correlate the depth of penetration of UV radiation into sun and shade leaves according to the corresponding UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts, without taking into account all the anatomical, developmental and biochemical (such as different composition and distribution of the UV-absorbing compounds among the different protective tissues) peculiarities of the leaves of each species.
The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A310 cm−2 and A365 cm−2 or AUVR cm−2) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region (Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of the same species. However, fibre optic microprobe measurements showed that adaxial as well as abaxial epidermis of shade leaves of all examined plants, except abaxial epidermis of A. andrachne, were almost as effective as the corresponding ones of the sun leaves in screening out most of the incident UV‐B radiation. There is probably a threshold, under which the concentration of the UV‐B absorbing compounds in the protective tissues is not furthermore reduced, in spite of the low levels of the stress factor (UV‐B radiation) in the environment. On the other hand, the ability of both abaxial and adaxial epidermis to attenuate UV‐A radiation, except of adaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus species, depended on the UV absorbing capacity of the whole‐leaf extracts, with different correlation patterns between the two Quercus species and the two Arbutus species. This could be explained by the fact that shade leaves showed not only quantitative, but also qualitative differences (higher A310/A365 ratio) in the absorbance of their methanolic extracts compared to these of sun leaves. The results of the present study showed that we should not always correlate the depth of penetration of UV radiation into sun and shade leaves according to the corresponding UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts, without taking into account all the anatomical, developmental and biochemical (such as different composition and distribution of the UV‐absorbing compounds among the different protective tissues) peculiarities of the leaves of each species.
The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A 310 cm −2 and A 365 cm −2 or A UVR cm −2 ) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the Mediterranean region ( Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and A. unedo ) was considerably lower than the corresponding one of sun leaves of the same species. However, fibre optic microprobe measurements showed that adaxial as well as abaxial epidermis of shade leaves of all examined plants, except abaxial epidermis of A. andrachne , were almost as effective as the corresponding ones of the sun leaves in screening out most of the incident UV‐B radiation. There is probably a threshold, under which the concentration of the UV‐B absorbing compounds in the protective tissues is not furthermore reduced, in spite of the low levels of the stress factor (UV‐B radiation) in the environment. On the other hand, the ability of both abaxial and adaxial epidermis to attenuate UV‐A radiation, except of adaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus species, depended on the UV absorbing capacity of the whole‐leaf extracts, with different correlation patterns between the two Quercus species and the two Arbutus species. This could be explained by the fact that shade leaves showed not only quantitative, but also qualitative differences (higher A 310 /A 365 ratio) in the absorbance of their methanolic extracts compared to these of sun leaves. The results of the present study showed that we should not always correlate the depth of penetration of UV radiation into sun and shade leaves according to the corresponding UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts, without taking into account all the anatomical, developmental and biochemical (such as different composition and distribution of the UV‐absorbing compounds among the different protective tissues) peculiarities of the leaves of each species.
Author Karabourniotis, George
Liakoura, Vally
Bornman, Janet F.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Vally
  surname: Liakoura
  fullname: Liakoura, Vally
  organization: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Botanikos, Athens, Greece
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Janet F.
  surname: Bornman
  fullname: Bornman, Janet F.
  organization: Department of Plant Physiology, Lund University, Box 117, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
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  givenname: George
  surname: Karabourniotis
  fullname: Karabourniotis, George
  organization: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Botanikos, Athens, Greece
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Issue 1
Keywords Photoprotector
UVA radiation
UVB radiation
Plant leaf
Quercus ilex
Fagaceae
Anatomy
Transmittance
Evergreen plant
Arbutus unedo
Absorbance
Quercus coccifera
Dicotyledones
Light
Angiospermae
Spermatophyta
Ericaceae
Photoprotection
Language English
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PublicationTitle Physiologia plantarum
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Stephanou M, Manetas Y (1997) The effects of seasons, exposure, enhanced UV-B radiation and water stress on leaf epicuticular and internal UV-B absorbing capacity of Cistus creticus: a Mediterranean field study. J Exp Bot 48: 1977-1985
Day TA, Howells BW, Rice WJ (1994) Ultraviolet absorption and epidermal-transmittance spectra in foliage. Physiol Plant 92: 207-218
Liakoura V, Manetas Y, Karabourniotis G (2001) Seasonal fluctuations in the concentration of UV absorbing compounds in the leaves of some Mediterranean plants under field conditions. Physiol Plant 111: 491-500
Rozema J, Chardonnens A, Tosserams M, Hafkenscheid R, Bruijnzeel S (1997) Leaf thickness and UV-B absorbing compounds pigments of plants in relation to an elevation gradient along the Blue Mountains. Jamaica Plant Ecol 128: 150-161
Wand SJE (1995) Concentration of ultraviolet-B radiation absorbing compounds in leaves of a range of fynbos species. Vegetatio 116: 51-61
Stephanou M, Manetas Y (1995) Allelopathic and water concerving functions of leaf epicuticular exudates in the Mediterranean shrub Dittrichia viscosa. Aust J Plant Physiol 22: 755-759
Teramura AH (1983) Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on the growth and yield of crop plants. Physiol Plant 58: 415-427
Robberecht R, Caldwell MM (1978) Leaf epidermal transmittance of ultraviolet radiation and its implications for plant sensitivity to ultraviolet-radiation induced injury. Oecologia 32: 277-287
Chaves N, Escudero JC, Gutierrez-Merino C (1997) Role of ecological variables in the seasonal variation of flavonoid content of Cistus ladanifer exudates. J Chem Ecol 23: 579-603
Fischbach RJ, Kossmann B, Panten H, Steinbrecher R, Heller W, Seidlitz HK, Sandermann H, Hertkorn N, Schnitzler J-P (1999) Seasonal accumulation of ultraviolet-B screening pigments in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Plant Cell Environ 22: 27-37
Cen Y-P, Bornman JF (1990) The response of bean plants to UV-B radiation under different irrandiances of background visible light. J Exp Bot 41: 1489-1495
Mirecki RM, Teramura AH (1984) Effects of ultraviolet-B irradiance on soybean-V. The dependence of plant sensitivity on the photosynthetic proton flux density during and after leaf expansion. Plant Physiol 74: 475-480
Sims DA, Pearcy RW (1989) Photosynthetic characteristics of a tropical forest understory herb, Alocasia macrorrhiza, and a related crop species, Colocasia esculenta, grown in contrasting light environments. Oecologia 79: 53-59
Day TA, Martin G, Vogelmann TC (1993) Penetration of UV-B radiation in foliage: evidence that the epidermis behaves as non-uniform filter. Plant Cell Environ 16: 735-741
DeLucia EH, Day TA, Vogelmann TC (1992) Ultraviolet-B and visible light penetration into needles of two species of subalpine conifers during foliar development. Plant Cell Environ 15: 921-929
Tevini M, Braun J, Fieser G (1991) The protective function of the epidermal layer of rye seedlings against ultraviolet-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol 53: 329-333
Keinänen M, Julkunen-Tiitto R (1996) Effects of sample preparation method on birch (Betula pendula Roth.) leaf phenolics. J Agric Food Chem 44: 2724-2727
Boardman NK (1977) Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 28: 355-377
Bornman JF, Vogelmann TC (1991) Effects of UV-B radiation on leaf optical properties measured with fibre optics. J Exp Bot 42: 547-554
Grammatikopoulos G, Petropoulou Y, Manetas Y (1999) Site-dependent differences in transmittance and UV-B-absorbing capacity of isolated leaf epidermis and mesophyll in Urginea maritima (L.) Baker. J Exp Bot 50: 517-521
Ntefidou M, Manetas Y (1996) Optical properties of hairs during the early stages of leaf development in Platanus orientalis. Aust J Plant Physiol 23: 535-538
Cen Y-P, Bornman JF (1993) The effect of exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation on the penetration of monochromatic and polychromatic UV-B radiation in leaves of Brassica napus. Physiol Plant 87: 249-255
Wellburn AR (1994) The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. J Plant Physiol 144: 307-313
Hoque E, Remus G (1999) Natural UV-screening mechanisms in Norway spruce. Photochem Photobiol 69: 177-192
1997; 80
1977; 28
1978; 32
1983; 6
1997; 48
1991; 53
1986; 37
1999; 43
1992; 15
1995; 131
1998; 85
1983; 58
1994; 21
2001; 87
1990; 41
1992; 92
1994; 144
2001
1990
1986; 8
1988; 47
1991; 42
1995; 22
1996; 132
1994; 37
1999; 50
1992; 86
1989; 79
1996; 23
1996; 19
1997; 20
1993; 87
1999; 26
1997; 23
1999; 69
1996
1999; 22
1995; 116
1993
2001; 27
1993; 103
1999; 105
1999
2001; 111
1984; 74
1997; 128
1993; 16
1993; 95
1997; 38
1994; 92
1996; 44
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Wand SJE (e_1_2_6_52_1) 1995; 116
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Rozema J (e_1_2_6_43_1) 1997; 128
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Snippet The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A310 cm−2 and A365 cm−2 or AUVR cm−2) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the...
The UV‐absorbing capacity (measured as A 310 cm −2 and A 365 cm −2 or A UVR cm −2 ) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the...
The UV-absorbing capacity (measured as A(310) cm(-2) and A(365) cm(-2) or AUVR cm(-2)) of the shade leaves of four representative evergreen sclerophylls of the...
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SubjectTerms Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Biologi
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Sciences
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on plants and fungi
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Metabolism
Natural Sciences
Naturvetenskap
Photosynthesis, respiration. Anabolism, catabolism
Plant physiology and development
Title The ability of abaxial and adaxial epidermis of sun and shade leaves to attenuate UV-A and UV-B radiation in relation to the UV absorbing capacity of the whole leaf methanolic extracts
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