The Transcriptomic Landscape of Mismatch Repair-Deficient Intestinal Stem Cells

Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer and is secondary to germline alterations in one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Here we aimed to provide novel insights into the initiation of MMR-deficient (MMRd) colorectal carcinogenesis by characterizing the express...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.) Jg. 81; H. 10; S. 2760
Hauptverfasser: Bommi, Prashant V, Bowen, Charles M, Reyes-Uribe, Laura, Wu, Wenhui, Katayama, Hiroyuki, Rocha, Pedro, Parra, Edwin R, Francisco-Cruz, Alejandro, Ozcan, Zuhal, Tosti, Elena, Willis, Jason A, Wu, Hong, Taggart, Melissa W, Burks, Jared K, Lynch, Patrick M, Edelmann, Winfried, Scheet, Paul A, Wistuba, Ignacio I, Sinha, Krishna M, Hanash, Samir M, Vilar, Eduardo
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States 15.05.2021
Schlagworte:
ISSN:1538-7445, 1538-7445
Online-Zugang:Weitere Angaben
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer and is secondary to germline alterations in one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Here we aimed to provide novel insights into the initiation of MMR-deficient (MMRd) colorectal carcinogenesis by characterizing the expression profile of MMRd intestinal stem cells (ISC). A tissue-specific MMRd mouse model (Villin-Cre;Msh2 ) was crossed with a reporter mouse ( ) to trace and isolate ISCs (Lgr5+) using flow cytometry. Three different ISC genotypes ( -KO, -HET, and -WT) were isolated and processed for mRNA-seq and mass spectrometry, followed by bioinformatic analyses to identify expression signatures of complete MMRd and haplo-insufficiency. These findings were validated using qRT-PCR, IHC, and whole transcriptomic sequencing in mouse tissues, organoids, and a cohort of human samples, including normal colorectal mucosa, premalignant lesions, and early-stage colorectal cancers from patients with Lynch syndrome and patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) as controls. -KO ISCs clustered together with differentiated intestinal epithelial cells from all genotypes. Gene-set enrichment analysis indicated inhibition of replication, cell-cycle progression, and the Wnt pathway and activation of epithelial signaling and immune reaction. An expression signature derived from MMRd ISCs successfully distinguished MMRd neoplastic lesions of patients with Lynch syndrome from FAP controls. SPP1 was specifically upregulated in MMRd ISCs and colocalized with LGR5 in Lynch syndrome colorectal premalignant lesions and tumors. These results show that expression signatures of MMRd ISC recapitulate the initial steps of Lynch syndrome carcinogenesis and have the potential to unveil novel biomarkers of early cancer initiation. SIGNIFICANCE: The transcriptomic and proteomic profile of MMR-deficient intestinal stem cells displays a unique set of genes with potential roles as biomarkers of cancer initiation and early progression.
AbstractList Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer and is secondary to germline alterations in one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Here we aimed to provide novel insights into the initiation of MMR-deficient (MMRd) colorectal carcinogenesis by characterizing the expression profile of MMRd intestinal stem cells (ISC). A tissue-specific MMRd mouse model (Villin-Cre;Msh2 ) was crossed with a reporter mouse ( ) to trace and isolate ISCs (Lgr5+) using flow cytometry. Three different ISC genotypes ( -KO, -HET, and -WT) were isolated and processed for mRNA-seq and mass spectrometry, followed by bioinformatic analyses to identify expression signatures of complete MMRd and haplo-insufficiency. These findings were validated using qRT-PCR, IHC, and whole transcriptomic sequencing in mouse tissues, organoids, and a cohort of human samples, including normal colorectal mucosa, premalignant lesions, and early-stage colorectal cancers from patients with Lynch syndrome and patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) as controls. -KO ISCs clustered together with differentiated intestinal epithelial cells from all genotypes. Gene-set enrichment analysis indicated inhibition of replication, cell-cycle progression, and the Wnt pathway and activation of epithelial signaling and immune reaction. An expression signature derived from MMRd ISCs successfully distinguished MMRd neoplastic lesions of patients with Lynch syndrome from FAP controls. SPP1 was specifically upregulated in MMRd ISCs and colocalized with LGR5 in Lynch syndrome colorectal premalignant lesions and tumors. These results show that expression signatures of MMRd ISC recapitulate the initial steps of Lynch syndrome carcinogenesis and have the potential to unveil novel biomarkers of early cancer initiation. SIGNIFICANCE: The transcriptomic and proteomic profile of MMR-deficient intestinal stem cells displays a unique set of genes with potential roles as biomarkers of cancer initiation and early progression.
Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer and is secondary to germline alterations in one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Here we aimed to provide novel insights into the initiation of MMR-deficient (MMRd) colorectal carcinogenesis by characterizing the expression profile of MMRd intestinal stem cells (ISC). A tissue-specific MMRd mouse model (Villin-Cre;Msh2 LoxP/LoxP ) was crossed with a reporter mouse (Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-creERT2) to trace and isolate ISCs (Lgr5+) using flow cytometry. Three different ISC genotypes (Msh2-KO, Msh2-HET, and Msh2-WT) were isolated and processed for mRNA-seq and mass spectrometry, followed by bioinformatic analyses to identify expression signatures of complete MMRd and haplo-insufficiency. These findings were validated using qRT-PCR, IHC, and whole transcriptomic sequencing in mouse tissues, organoids, and a cohort of human samples, including normal colorectal mucosa, premalignant lesions, and early-stage colorectal cancers from patients with Lynch syndrome and patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) as controls. Msh2-KO ISCs clustered together with differentiated intestinal epithelial cells from all genotypes. Gene-set enrichment analysis indicated inhibition of replication, cell-cycle progression, and the Wnt pathway and activation of epithelial signaling and immune reaction. An expression signature derived from MMRd ISCs successfully distinguished MMRd neoplastic lesions of patients with Lynch syndrome from FAP controls. SPP1 was specifically upregulated in MMRd ISCs and colocalized with LGR5 in Lynch syndrome colorectal premalignant lesions and tumors. These results show that expression signatures of MMRd ISC recapitulate the initial steps of Lynch syndrome carcinogenesis and have the potential to unveil novel biomarkers of early cancer initiation. SIGNIFICANCE: The transcriptomic and proteomic profile of MMR-deficient intestinal stem cells displays a unique set of genes with potential roles as biomarkers of cancer initiation and early progression.Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer and is secondary to germline alterations in one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Here we aimed to provide novel insights into the initiation of MMR-deficient (MMRd) colorectal carcinogenesis by characterizing the expression profile of MMRd intestinal stem cells (ISC). A tissue-specific MMRd mouse model (Villin-Cre;Msh2 LoxP/LoxP ) was crossed with a reporter mouse (Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-creERT2) to trace and isolate ISCs (Lgr5+) using flow cytometry. Three different ISC genotypes (Msh2-KO, Msh2-HET, and Msh2-WT) were isolated and processed for mRNA-seq and mass spectrometry, followed by bioinformatic analyses to identify expression signatures of complete MMRd and haplo-insufficiency. These findings were validated using qRT-PCR, IHC, and whole transcriptomic sequencing in mouse tissues, organoids, and a cohort of human samples, including normal colorectal mucosa, premalignant lesions, and early-stage colorectal cancers from patients with Lynch syndrome and patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) as controls. Msh2-KO ISCs clustered together with differentiated intestinal epithelial cells from all genotypes. Gene-set enrichment analysis indicated inhibition of replication, cell-cycle progression, and the Wnt pathway and activation of epithelial signaling and immune reaction. An expression signature derived from MMRd ISCs successfully distinguished MMRd neoplastic lesions of patients with Lynch syndrome from FAP controls. SPP1 was specifically upregulated in MMRd ISCs and colocalized with LGR5 in Lynch syndrome colorectal premalignant lesions and tumors. These results show that expression signatures of MMRd ISC recapitulate the initial steps of Lynch syndrome carcinogenesis and have the potential to unveil novel biomarkers of early cancer initiation. SIGNIFICANCE: The transcriptomic and proteomic profile of MMR-deficient intestinal stem cells displays a unique set of genes with potential roles as biomarkers of cancer initiation and early progression.
Author Wu, Wenhui
Ozcan, Zuhal
Katayama, Hiroyuki
Rocha, Pedro
Francisco-Cruz, Alejandro
Tosti, Elena
Wu, Hong
Taggart, Melissa W
Bowen, Charles M
Edelmann, Winfried
Hanash, Samir M
Vilar, Eduardo
Reyes-Uribe, Laura
Wistuba, Ignacio I
Bommi, Prashant V
Sinha, Krishna M
Burks, Jared K
Scheet, Paul A
Willis, Jason A
Lynch, Patrick M
Parra, Edwin R
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Prashant V
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9457-1730
  surname: Bommi
  fullname: Bommi, Prashant V
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Charles M
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5400-4304
  surname: Bowen
  fullname: Bowen, Charles M
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Laura
  surname: Reyes-Uribe
  fullname: Reyes-Uribe, Laura
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Wenhui
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Wenhui
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Hiroyuki
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3117-1390
  surname: Katayama
  fullname: Katayama, Hiroyuki
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Pedro
  surname: Rocha
  fullname: Rocha, Pedro
  organization: Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Edwin R
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9068-1636
  surname: Parra
  fullname: Parra, Edwin R
  organization: Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Alejandro
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1558-8084
  surname: Francisco-Cruz
  fullname: Francisco-Cruz, Alejandro
  organization: Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Zuhal
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8693-1935
  surname: Ozcan
  fullname: Ozcan, Zuhal
  organization: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Elena
  surname: Tosti
  fullname: Tosti, Elena
  organization: Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Jason A
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8238-8552
  surname: Willis
  fullname: Willis, Jason A
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Hong
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Hong
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Melissa W
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7803-9904
  surname: Taggart
  fullname: Taggart, Melissa W
  organization: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Jared K
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6173-9074
  surname: Burks
  fullname: Burks, Jared K
  organization: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Patrick M
  surname: Lynch
  fullname: Lynch, Patrick M
  organization: Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Winfried
  surname: Edelmann
  fullname: Edelmann, Winfried
  organization: Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Paul A
  surname: Scheet
  fullname: Scheet, Paul A
  organization: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Ignacio I
  surname: Wistuba
  fullname: Wistuba, Ignacio I
  organization: Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Krishna M
  surname: Sinha
  fullname: Sinha, Krishna M
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Samir M
  surname: Hanash
  fullname: Hanash, Samir M
  organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
– sequence: 21
  givenname: Eduardo
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6404-3761
  surname: Vilar
  fullname: Vilar, Eduardo
  email: EVilar@mdanderson.org
  organization: Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34003775$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpNkEtPwzAQhC1URB_wE0A-cnHxM3aOVXhVKlSCco5cZ6MaJU6I0wP_HksUicNqVqNvV6OZo0noAiB0zeiSMWXuKKWGKKn5sli9Ek4JN3l2hmZMCUO0lGryb5-ieYyf6UQxqi7QVEhKhdZqhra7A-DdYEN0g-_HrvUOb2yoorM94K7GLz62dnQH_Aa99QO5h9o7D2HE6zBCHH2wDX4focUFNE28ROe1bSJcnXSBPh4fdsUz2Wyf1sVqQ5zUeiQuMxSYFZlh0lhR1TlX9T5zAlRy8jRgDQObcSZA7GVNhRRUcZnbijngfIFuf__2Q_d1TDnK1keXEtgA3TGWXKU-mOacJvTmhB73LVRlP_jWDt_lXwn8B8PoYCo
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_critrevonc_2024_104360
crossref_primary_10_1053_j_gastro_2021_06_073
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cell_2021_11_031
crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers14174138
crossref_primary_10_1097_PPO_0000000000000738
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1162669
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1010163
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 American Association for Cancer Research.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 American Association for Cancer Research.
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-2896
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod no_fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 1538-7445
ExternalDocumentID 34003775
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 CA248536
– fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: P30 CA016672
– fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: R50 CA243707
– fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 CA219463
– fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: P30 CA013330
– fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: T32 CA009666
GroupedDBID ---
-ET
18M
29B
2WC
34G
39C
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
6J9
AAJMC
ABOCM
ACGFO
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACSVP
ADBBV
ADCOW
ADNWM
AENEX
AETEA
AFHIN
AFOSN
AFRAH
AFUMD
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BAWUL
BTFSW
CGR
CS3
CUY
CVF
DIK
DU5
EBS
ECM
EIF
EJD
F5P
FRP
GX1
IH2
KQ8
L7B
LSO
NPM
OK1
P0W
P2P
PQQKQ
RCR
RHI
RNS
SJN
TR2
W2D
W8F
WH7
WOQ
YKV
YZZ
7X8
AAFWJ
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c477t-c680e1a368148a3df925fb6c3e58149814ea81ea6213e3b4f034305249ad1ce22
IEDL.DBID 7X8
ISICitedReferencesCount 9
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000651769000017&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1538-7445
IngestDate Thu Sep 04 19:56:04 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:04:30 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Language English
License 2021 American Association for Cancer Research.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c477t-c680e1a368148a3df925fb6c3e58149814ea81ea6213e3b4f034305249ad1ce22
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0001-9068-1636
0000-0002-1558-8084
0000-0002-6173-9074
0000-0001-6404-3761
0000-0003-3117-1390
0000-0001-5400-4304
0000-0002-8693-1935
0000-0001-8238-8552
0000-0002-7803-9904
0000-0002-9457-1730
OpenAccessLink https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article-pdf/81/10/2760/3082393/2760.pdf
PMID 34003775
PQID 2528917220
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2528917220
pubmed_primary_34003775
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-05-15
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-05-15
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-05-15
  day: 15
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.)
PublicationTitleAlternate Cancer Res
PublicationYear 2021
SSID ssj0005105
Score 2.4120622
Snippet Lynch syndrome is the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer and is secondary to germline alterations in one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR)...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 2760
SubjectTerms Animals
Apoptosis
Carcinogenesis - genetics
Carcinogenesis - metabolism
Carcinogenesis - pathology
Cell Proliferation
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - genetics
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - metabolism
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis - pathology
DNA Mismatch Repair
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Intestines - physiopathology
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
MutS Homolog 2 Protein - physiology
Prognosis
Proteome - analysis
Proteome - metabolism
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - physiology
Stem Cells - metabolism
Stem Cells - pathology
Survival Rate
Transcriptome
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Title The Transcriptomic Landscape of Mismatch Repair-Deficient Intestinal Stem Cells
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34003775
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2528917220
Volume 81
WOSCitedRecordID wos000651769000017&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1JS8NAFB7UinhxX-rGCF5Hk1mynESqxYONBRV6C5PJCxZqWpvq7_e9NKUnQfCQHAIzhOGbt7_vMXblMqPA5Ur41KdMM6xFjI6IyDOj_cjJwgtcPWwiTJJoMIj7TcCtasoqFzKxFtT52FGM_EYadA1Q20rvdvIpaGoUZVebERqrrKXQlCFUh4MlW7iZlzDWlzrU2jQdPL6JqIEhEkaH8rpzlyBUBO4e_G5l1tqmu_3f_9xhW42dye_mwNhlK1DusY1ek0nfZ8-ID14rqlpsUG8yf6K2XyqI4uOC94YVGrPunaOJbodTcQ_ENYEqilMQEQUDbf8ygw_egdGoOmBv3YfXzqNohisIp8NwJlwQeeBbFUToEFmVF7E0RRY4BQa_xPiAjXywgaQ4aaYLTxE7GHprNvcdSHnI1spxCceMm0BDmFtrPbA6C0ysFYDT1jkls8x4bXa5OKoUwUsZCVvC-KtKl4fVZkfz804nc5aNVGnixgnNyR9Wn7JNSbUmxKpqzlirwKsL52zdfc-G1fSiRgW-k37vB-UUv4I
linkProvider ProQuest
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Transcriptomic+Landscape+of+Mismatch+Repair-Deficient+Intestinal+Stem+Cells&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research+%28Chicago%2C+Ill.%29&rft.au=Bommi%2C+Prashant+V&rft.au=Bowen%2C+Charles+M&rft.au=Reyes-Uribe%2C+Laura&rft.au=Wu%2C+Wenhui&rft.date=2021-05-15&rft.eissn=1538-7445&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2760&rft_id=info:doi/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-20-2896&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34003775&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34003775&rft.externalDocID=34003775
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1538-7445&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1538-7445&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1538-7445&client=summon