Machine learning-based models for screening of anemia and leukemia using features of complete blood count reports

Complete blood count (CBC) report features are routinely used to screen a wide array of hematological disorders. However, the complexity of disease overlap increases the probability of neglecting the underlying patterns between these features, and the heterogeneity associated with the subjective ass...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 33333 - 14
Main Authors: Amjad, Hafsa, Hussain, Zamir, Hasan, Mahnoor, Ul Hassan, Mahmood
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 29.09.2025
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
631/67
631/67/2322
Adult
Age groups
Aged
Algorithms
Anemia
Anemia - blood
Anemia - diagnosis
Artificial intelligence
Blood
Blood Cell Count - methods
Blood diseases
Blood tests
CBC reports
Clinical decision support
Data collection
Datasets
Feature selection
Female
Females
Gender
Hematological diseases
Hematology
Hemoglobin
Heterogeneity
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Laboratories
Learning algorithms
Leukemia
Leukemia - blood
Leukemia - diagnosis
Leukocytes
Machine Learning
Male
Medical personnel
Medical research
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Neutrophils
Performance evaluation
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Statistics
Support Vector Machine
Clinical decision support
Anemia
CBC reports
Leukemia
Machine learning
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Complete blood count (CBC) report features are routinely used to screen a wide array of hematological disorders. However, the complexity of disease overlap increases the probability of neglecting the underlying patterns between these features, and the heterogeneity associated with the subjective assessment of CBC reports often lead to random clinical testing. Such disease prediction analyses can be enhanced by the incorporation of machine learning (ML) algorithms for efficient handling of CBC features. Hybrid synthetic data are generated based on the statistical distribution of features to overcome the constraint of small sample size ( N  = 287). To the extent of our knowledge, our study is the first to employ hybrid synthetic data for modeling hematological parameters. Six ML models i.e., decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression, gradient boosting machine, and multilayer perceptron are tested for disease prediction. This research presents ML-based models for the screening of two common blood disorders – anemia and leukemia, using CBC report features. A ‘fingerprint’ of 14 out of 21 features based on both statistical and clinical relevance is selected for model development. Exceptional performance has been observed by the random forest algorithm with 98% accuracy and 97, 98, 99, and 2% macro-averages of precision, recall, specificity, and miss-rate respectively for all classes. However, external validation of the model reveal poor generalizability on a different demographic dataset, as the model obtained an accuracy of 74%. The proposed methodology may serve as an efficient support system for the screening of anemia and leukemia. However, extensive optimization with regards to its generalizability are warranted.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-21279-w