The interacting effects of ungulates and fire on forest dynamics: an analysis using the model FORSPACE

The effects of interactions between the density of ungulates and forest fires on forest dynamics were studied on an area of 1188 ha called Planken Wambuis. The vegetation consists mainly of heathland and Scots pine forest but also includes oak, beech and birch, and parts of former arable land that i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Forest ecology and management Vol. 181; no. 1; pp. 205 - 222
Main Authors:	Kramer, K., Groen, T.A., van Wieren, S.E.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 03.08.2003
Subjects:	age arable soils Betula biomass body-composition Capreolus capreolus Cervus elaphus coniferous forests ecosystems europe Fagus Fire Forest dynamics forest ecosystems forest fires FORSPACE fuel loading grasses Grazing horses large herbivores leaves Modelling mule deer Multiple stable states Pinus sylvestris stable states Ungulates vegetation structure wild boars winter Ungulates Multiple stable states Fire Forest dynamics Modelling Grazing FORSPACE
ISSN:	0378-1127, 1872-7042
Online Access:	Get full text
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