The interacting effects of ungulates and fire on forest dynamics: an analysis using the model FORSPACE

The effects of interactions between the density of ungulates and forest fires on forest dynamics were studied on an area of 1188 ha called Planken Wambuis. The vegetation consists mainly of heathland and Scots pine forest but also includes oak, beech and birch, and parts of former arable land that i...

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Vydáno v:Forest ecology and management Ročník 181; číslo 1; s. 205 - 222
Hlavní autoři: Kramer, K., Groen, T.A., van Wieren, S.E.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier B.V 03.08.2003
Témata:
age
arable soils
Betula
biomass
body-composition
Capreolus capreolus
Cervus elaphus
coniferous forests
ecosystems
europe
Fagus
Fire
Forest dynamics
forest ecosystems
forest fires
FORSPACE
fuel loading
grasses
Grazing
horses
large herbivores
leaves
Modelling
mule deer
Multiple stable states
Pinus sylvestris
stable states
Ungulates
vegetation structure
wild boars
winter
Ungulates
Multiple stable states
Fire
Forest dynamics
Modelling
Grazing
FORSPACE
ISSN:0378-1127, 1872-7042
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Shrnutí:The effects of interactions between the density of ungulates and forest fires on forest dynamics were studied on an area of 1188 ha called Planken Wambuis. The vegetation consists mainly of heathland and Scots pine forest but also includes oak, beech and birch, and parts of former arable land that is now covered with grass. The ungulate species considered are bovine, horse, red deer, roe deer and wild boar. The spatially explicit and process-based model FORSPACE was used for this analysis. FORSPACE is a forest gap-dynamics model that includes a mechanistic description of ungulate dynamics and a stochastic forest fire simulator. The scenarios analysed included three levels of ungulate density (no ungulates, low density due to population regulation by management, high density due to absence of regulation), and three levels of ignition frequency of wild fires (zero, low and high). The simulation results indicate that fires at high ignition frequency may shift the system into a different stable state in the phase plane of producers (represented by total ecosystem foliage biomass) versus consumers (represented by total ecosystem ungulate biomass). This pattern was found both at low and high ungulate densities, although the effect is more pronounced at high ungulate density. Grazing is predicted to reduce the occurrence of both small and large-scale wild fires by reducing fuel load and altering the vertical structure of the vegetation. This occurs even at low ungulate densities and is most pronounced at high ignition frequencies. The ungulate consumption and plant production figures predicted by the model fall within the ranges that are presented in the literature for temperate forest ecosystems. For the scenarios with regulated ungulate densities the ungulate biomass per unit area are of the same magnitude as found in temperate forest ecosystems. However, if ungulate densities are not regulated by management, the model results suggest that the ungulate biomass per unit area may increase two-fold.
Bibliografie:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00134-8
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ISSN:0378-1127
1872-7042
DOI:10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00134-8