Synthesis and Properties of NaSICON‐type LATP and LAGP Solid Electrolytes

Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid‐state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li1+xAlxGe2...

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Published in:	ChemSusChem Vol. 12; no. 16; pp. 3713 - 3725
Main Authors:	DeWees, Rachel, Wang, Hui
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 22.08.2019
Subjects:	aluminum Batteries Coated electrodes Composition effects Conductivity Conductors Crystal structure electrochemistry Electrolytes Glass & glassware industry Ions lithium Lithium batteries Molten salt electrolytes Solid electrolytes solid-state reactions Synthesis synthesis design lithium aluminum electrochemistry solid-state reactions synthesis design
ISSN:	1864-5631, 1864-564X, 1864-564X
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid‐state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3 (LAGP) are two representative solid electrolytes with a sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) structure. Herein, LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are reviewed from the synthesis perspective, and correlated with their structure and conductive properties, as well as their electrochemical applications in batteries. First, the solid‐ and liquid‐based synthetic methods to LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes and the key influencing factors are described. Second, the crystal structures and phase purities obtained from different synthetic approaches are introduced. Third, the conductive mechanisms, composition effects, and synthetic effects on the conductivities of LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are compared. Fourth, the electrochemical applications of these two solid electrolytes in full batteries are discussed, including roles as solid electrolytes, composite components in electrodes, and surface coatings on electrodes. In the last section, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of NaSICON‐type solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries. How was it made? Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3 (LAGP), which are popular sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON)‐type solid electrolytes, are reviewed from the perspective of their synthesis. The synthetic methods have been correlated with the structures and conductive properties. Electrochemical applications of these electrolytes in batteries are also presented.
AbstractList	Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid-state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li1+x Alx Ti2-x (PO4 )3 (LATP) and Li1+x Alx Ge2-x (PO4 )3 (LAGP) are two representative solid electrolytes with a sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) structure. Herein, LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are reviewed from the synthesis perspective, and correlated with their structure and conductive properties, as well as their electrochemical applications in batteries. First, the solid- and liquid-based synthetic methods to LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes and the key influencing factors are described. Second, the crystal structures and phase purities obtained from different synthetic approaches are introduced. Third, the conductive mechanisms, composition effects, and synthetic effects on the conductivities of LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are compared. Fourth, the electrochemical applications of these two solid electrolytes in full batteries are discussed, including roles as solid electrolytes, composite components in electrodes, and surface coatings on electrodes. In the last section, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of NaSICON-type solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries.Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid-state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li1+x Alx Ti2-x (PO4 )3 (LATP) and Li1+x Alx Ge2-x (PO4 )3 (LAGP) are two representative solid electrolytes with a sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) structure. Herein, LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are reviewed from the synthesis perspective, and correlated with their structure and conductive properties, as well as their electrochemical applications in batteries. First, the solid- and liquid-based synthetic methods to LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes and the key influencing factors are described. Second, the crystal structures and phase purities obtained from different synthetic approaches are introduced. Third, the conductive mechanisms, composition effects, and synthetic effects on the conductivities of LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are compared. Fourth, the electrochemical applications of these two solid electrolytes in full batteries are discussed, including roles as solid electrolytes, composite components in electrodes, and surface coatings on electrodes. In the last section, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of NaSICON-type solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid‐state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3 (LAGP) are two representative solid electrolytes with a sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) structure. Herein, LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are reviewed from the synthesis perspective, and correlated with their structure and conductive properties, as well as their electrochemical applications in batteries. First, the solid‐ and liquid‐based synthetic methods to LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes and the key influencing factors are described. Second, the crystal structures and phase purities obtained from different synthetic approaches are introduced. Third, the conductive mechanisms, composition effects, and synthetic effects on the conductivities of LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are compared. Fourth, the electrochemical applications of these two solid electrolytes in full batteries are discussed, including roles as solid electrolytes, composite components in electrodes, and surface coatings on electrodes. In the last section, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of NaSICON‐type solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries. How was it made? Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3 (LAGP), which are popular sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON)‐type solid electrolytes, are reviewed from the perspective of their synthesis. The synthetic methods have been correlated with the structures and conductive properties. Electrochemical applications of these electrolytes in batteries are also presented. Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid-state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li Al Ti (PO ) (LATP) and Li Al Ge (PO ) (LAGP) are two representative solid electrolytes with a sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) structure. Herein, LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are reviewed from the synthesis perspective, and correlated with their structure and conductive properties, as well as their electrochemical applications in batteries. First, the solid- and liquid-based synthetic methods to LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes and the key influencing factors are described. Second, the crystal structures and phase purities obtained from different synthetic approaches are introduced. Third, the conductive mechanisms, composition effects, and synthetic effects on the conductivities of LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are compared. Fourth, the electrochemical applications of these two solid electrolytes in full batteries are discussed, including roles as solid electrolytes, composite components in electrodes, and surface coatings on electrodes. In the last section, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of NaSICON-type solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid‐state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3 (LAGP) are two representative solid electrolytes with a sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) structure. Herein, LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are reviewed from the synthesis perspective, and correlated with their structure and conductive properties, as well as their electrochemical applications in batteries. First, the solid‐ and liquid‐based synthetic methods to LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes and the key influencing factors are described. Second, the crystal structures and phase purities obtained from different synthetic approaches are introduced. Third, the conductive mechanisms, composition effects, and synthetic effects on the conductivities of LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are compared. Fourth, the electrochemical applications of these two solid electrolytes in full batteries are discussed, including roles as solid electrolytes, composite components in electrodes, and surface coatings on electrodes. In the last section, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of NaSICON‐type solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries. Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid‐state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li 1+ x Al x Ti 2− x (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) and Li 1+ x Al x Ge 2− x (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP) are two representative solid electrolytes with a sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) structure. Herein, LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are reviewed from the synthesis perspective, and correlated with their structure and conductive properties, as well as their electrochemical applications in batteries. First, the solid‐ and liquid‐based synthetic methods to LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes and the key influencing factors are described. Second, the crystal structures and phase purities obtained from different synthetic approaches are introduced. Third, the conductive mechanisms, composition effects, and synthetic effects on the conductivities of LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are compared. Fourth, the electrochemical applications of these two solid electrolytes in full batteries are discussed, including roles as solid electrolytes, composite components in electrodes, and surface coatings on electrodes. In the last section, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of NaSICON‐type solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries.
Author	Wang, Hui DeWees, Rachel
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Rachel surname: DeWees fullname: DeWees, Rachel organization: University of Louisville – sequence: 2 givenname: Hui orcidid: 0000-0003-0936-6781 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Hui email: hui.wang.1@louisvill.edu organization: University of Louisville
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31132230$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid‐state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic... Inorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid-state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic...
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SubjectTerms	aluminum Batteries Coated electrodes Composition effects Conductivity Conductors Crystal structure electrochemistry Electrolytes Glass & glassware industry Ions lithium Lithium batteries Molten salt electrolytes Solid electrolytes solid-state reactions Synthesis synthesis design
Title	Synthesis and Properties of NaSICON‐type LATP and LAGP Solid Electrolytes
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