Glycyrrhizin mitigates radiation‐induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4 signalling pathway

Radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) is the major complication of thoracic radiation therapy, and no effective treatment is available. This study explored the role of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in acute RILI and the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, on RILI. C57BL/6 m...

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Vydané v:	Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Ročník 24; číslo 1; s. 214 - 226
Hlavní autori:	Zheng, Lei, Zhu, Qian, Xu, Cheng, Li, Min, Li, Huan, Yi, Pei‐Qiang, Xu, Fei‐Fei, Cao, Lu, Chen, Jia‐Yi
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2020 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Predmet:	Acute Lung Injury - drug therapy Acute Lung Injury - etiology Acute Lung Injury - metabolism Acute Lung Injury - pathology Advanced glycosylation end products Alveoli Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology Bronchus Cell adhesion & migration Cell culture Cytokines FDA approval Female Gamma Rays - adverse effects Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Glycyrrhizic Acid - pharmacology Glycyrrhizin HMGB1 HMGB1 protein HMGB1 Protein - antagonists & inhibitors Inflammation Laboratory animals Lungs Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Original Pneumonia - drug therapy Pneumonia - etiology Pneumonia - metabolism Pneumonia - pathology Proteins Radiation therapy radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) RAGE Sepsis Signal transduction Statistical analysis Thorax TLR4 TLR4 protein Toll-Like Receptor 4 - antagonists & inhibitors Toll-like receptors Transcription factors Tumor necrosis factor X-rays China Japan HMGB1 RAGE TLR4 radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) glycyrrhizin
ISSN:	1582-1838, 1582-4934, 1582-4934
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Abstract	Radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) is the major complication of thoracic radiation therapy, and no effective treatment is available. This study explored the role of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in acute RILI and the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, on RILI. C57BL/6 mice received a 20 Gy dose of X‐ray radiation to the whole thorax with or without administration of glycyrrhizin. Severe lung inflammation was present 12 weeks after irradiation, although only a mild change was noted at 2 weeks and could be alleviated by administration of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin decreased the plasma concentrations of HMGB1 and sRAGE as well as TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The expression of RAGE was decreased while that of TLR4 was significantly increased at 12 weeks, but not 2 weeks, after irradiation in mouse lung tissue. In vitro, the expression of TLR4 increased in RAW 264.7 cells after conditioning with the supernatant from the irradiated MLE‐12 cells containing HMGB1 but showed no change when conditioned medium without HMGB1 was used. However, conditioned culture had no effect on RAGE expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Glycyrrhizin also inhibited the related downstream transcription factors of HMGB/TLR4, such as NF‐κB, JNK and ERK1/2, in lung tissue and RAW 264.7 cells when TLR4 was activated. In conclusion, the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway mediates RILI and can be mitigated by glycyrrhizin.
AbstractList	Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is the major complication of thoracic radiation therapy, and no effective treatment is available. This study explored the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in acute RILI and the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, on RILI. C57BL/6 mice received a 20 Gy dose of X-ray radiation to the whole thorax with or without administration of glycyrrhizin. Severe lung inflammation was present 12 weeks after irradiation, although only a mild change was noted at 2 weeks and could be alleviated by administration of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin decreased the plasma concentrations of HMGB1 and sRAGE as well as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The expression of RAGE was decreased while that of TLR4 was significantly increased at 12 weeks, but not 2 weeks, after irradiation in mouse lung tissue. In vitro, the expression of TLR4 increased in RAW 264.7 cells after conditioning with the supernatant from the irradiated MLE-12 cells containing HMGB1 but showed no change when conditioned medium without HMGB1 was used. However, conditioned culture had no effect on RAGE expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Glycyrrhizin also inhibited the related downstream transcription factors of HMGB/TLR4, such as NF-κB, JNK and ERK1/2, in lung tissue and RAW 264.7 cells when TLR4 was activated. In conclusion, the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway mediates RILI and can be mitigated by glycyrrhizin.Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is the major complication of thoracic radiation therapy, and no effective treatment is available. This study explored the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in acute RILI and the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, on RILI. C57BL/6 mice received a 20 Gy dose of X-ray radiation to the whole thorax with or without administration of glycyrrhizin. Severe lung inflammation was present 12 weeks after irradiation, although only a mild change was noted at 2 weeks and could be alleviated by administration of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin decreased the plasma concentrations of HMGB1 and sRAGE as well as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The expression of RAGE was decreased while that of TLR4 was significantly increased at 12 weeks, but not 2 weeks, after irradiation in mouse lung tissue. In vitro, the expression of TLR4 increased in RAW 264.7 cells after conditioning with the supernatant from the irradiated MLE-12 cells containing HMGB1 but showed no change when conditioned medium without HMGB1 was used. However, conditioned culture had no effect on RAGE expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Glycyrrhizin also inhibited the related downstream transcription factors of HMGB/TLR4, such as NF-κB, JNK and ERK1/2, in lung tissue and RAW 264.7 cells when TLR4 was activated. In conclusion, the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway mediates RILI and can be mitigated by glycyrrhizin. Radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) is the major complication of thoracic radiation therapy, and no effective treatment is available. This study explored the role of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in acute RILI and the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, on RILI. C57BL/6 mice received a 20 Gy dose of X‐ray radiation to the whole thorax with or without administration of glycyrrhizin. Severe lung inflammation was present 12 weeks after irradiation, although only a mild change was noted at 2 weeks and could be alleviated by administration of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin decreased the plasma concentrations of HMGB1 and sRAGE as well as TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The expression of RAGE was decreased while that of TLR4 was significantly increased at 12 weeks, but not 2 weeks, after irradiation in mouse lung tissue. In vitro, the expression of TLR4 increased in RAW 264.7 cells after conditioning with the supernatant from the irradiated MLE‐12 cells containing HMGB1 but showed no change when conditioned medium without HMGB1 was used. However, conditioned culture had no effect on RAGE expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Glycyrrhizin also inhibited the related downstream transcription factors of HMGB/TLR4, such as NF‐κB, JNK and ERK1/2, in lung tissue and RAW 264.7 cells when TLR4 was activated. In conclusion, the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway mediates RILI and can be mitigated by glycyrrhizin. Radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) is the major complication of thoracic radiation therapy, and no effective treatment is available. This study explored the role of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in acute RILI and the therapeutic effect of glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, on RILI. C57BL/6 mice received a 20 Gy dose of X‐ray radiation to the whole thorax with or without administration of glycyrrhizin. Severe lung inflammation was present 12 weeks after irradiation, although only a mild change was noted at 2 weeks and could be alleviated by administration of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin decreased the plasma concentrations of HMGB1 and sRAGE as well as TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The expression of RAGE was decreased while that of TLR4 was significantly increased at 12 weeks, but not 2 weeks, after irradiation in mouse lung tissue. In vitro, the expression of TLR4 increased in RAW 264.7 cells after conditioning with the supernatant from the irradiated MLE‐12 cells containing HMGB1 but showed no change when conditioned medium without HMGB1 was used. However, conditioned culture had no effect on RAGE expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Glycyrrhizin also inhibited the related downstream transcription factors of HMGB/TLR4, such as NF‐κB, JNK and ERK1/2, in lung tissue and RAW 264.7 cells when TLR4 was activated. In conclusion, the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway mediates RILI and can be mitigated by glycyrrhizin.
Author	Zhu, Qian Li, Min Xu, Fei‐Fei Yi, Pei‐Qiang Xu, Cheng Cao, Lu Chen, Jia‐Yi Li, Huan Zheng, Lei
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Radiation Oncology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Radiation Oncology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Lei orcidid: 0000-0002-0353-4732 surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Lei organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: Qian surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Qian organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine – sequence: 3 givenname: Cheng surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Cheng organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine – sequence: 4 givenname: Min surname: Li fullname: Li, Min organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine – sequence: 5 givenname: Huan surname: Li fullname: Li, Huan organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine – sequence: 6 givenname: Pei‐Qiang surname: Yi fullname: Yi, Pei‐Qiang organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine – sequence: 7 givenname: Fei‐Fei surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Fei‐Fei organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine – sequence: 8 givenname: Lu surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Lu organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine – sequence: 9 givenname: Jia‐Yi surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jia‐Yi email: chenjiayi0188@aliyun.com organization: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31657123$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) is the major complication of thoracic radiation therapy, and no effective treatment is available. This study explored the... Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is the major complication of thoracic radiation therapy, and no effective treatment is available. This study explored the...
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SubjectTerms	Acute Lung Injury - drug therapy Acute Lung Injury - etiology Acute Lung Injury - metabolism Acute Lung Injury - pathology Advanced glycosylation end products Alveoli Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology Bronchus Cell adhesion & migration Cell culture Cytokines FDA approval Female Gamma Rays - adverse effects Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Glycyrrhizic Acid - pharmacology Glycyrrhizin HMGB1 HMGB1 protein HMGB1 Protein - antagonists & inhibitors Inflammation Laboratory animals Lungs Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Original Pneumonia - drug therapy Pneumonia - etiology Pneumonia - metabolism Pneumonia - pathology Proteins Radiation therapy radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) RAGE Sepsis Signal transduction Statistical analysis Thorax TLR4 TLR4 protein Toll-Like Receptor 4 - antagonists & inhibitors Toll-like receptors Transcription factors Tumor necrosis factor X-rays
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Title	Glycyrrhizin mitigates radiation‐induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4 signalling pathway
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